Monolithic epoxy, because of its brittleness, cannot prevent crack propagation and is vulnerable to fracture. However, it is well established that when reinforced—especially by nano-fillers, such as metallic oxides, clays, carbon nanotubes, and other carbonaceous materials—its ability to withstand crack propagation is propitiously improved. Among various nano-fillers, graphene has recently been employed as reinforcement in epoxy to enhance the fracture related properties of the produced epoxy–graphene nanocomposites. In this review, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene reinforced epoxy nanocomposites will be correlated with the topographical features, morphology, weight fraction, dispersion state, and surface functionalization of graphene. The factors in which contrasting results were reported in the literature are highlighted, such as the influence of graphene on the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges to achieving the desired performance of polymer nanocomposites are also suggested throughout the article.

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Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Graphene-Epoxy Nanocomposites—A Review

One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.

https://northumbria-test.eprints-hosting.org/id/document/263154

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD. The role of process conditions and growth substrates on the nucleation and growth of graphene film are thoroughly discussed. The essential characterisation techniques in the study of CVD-grown graphene are reported, highlighting the characteristics of a sample which can be extracted from those techniques. This review also offers a brief overview of the applications to which CVD-grown graphene is well-suited, drawing particular attention to its potential in the sectors of energy and electronic devices.

Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene—Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review

Abstract Here, we review the progress and most recent advances in phonon-polaritonics, an emerging and growing field that has brought about a range of powerful possibilities for mid- to far-infrared (IR) light. These extraordinary capabilities are enabled by the resonant coupling between the impinging light and the vibrations of the material lattice, known as phonon-polaritons (PhPs). These PhPs yield a characteristic optical response in certain materials, occurring within an IR spectral window known as the reststrahlen band. In particular, these materials transition in the reststrahlen band from a high-refractive-index behavior, to a near-perfect metal behavior, to a plasmonic behavior – typical of metals at optical frequencies. When anisotropic they may also possess unconventional photonic constitutive properties thought of as possible only with metamaterials. The recent surge in two-dimensional (2D) material research has also enabled PhP responses with atomically-thin materials. Such vast and extraordinary photonic responses can be utilized for a plethora of unusual effects for IR light. Examples include sub-diffraction surface wave guiding, artificial magnetism, exotic photonic dispersions, thermal emission enhancement, perfect absorption and enhanced near-field heat transfer. Finally, we discuss the tremendous potential impact of these IR functionalities for the advancement of IR sources and sensors, as well as for thermal management and THz-diagnostic imaging.

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Phonon-polaritonics: enabling powerful capabilities for infrared photonics

Dielectric elastomer actuator composites (DEACs) are a class of electroactive polymers that are capable of changing shape or size once applied with an electric field. Such materials have found applications in artificial muscles, micro-robotics and micro air vehicles at industries. The dielectric behavior, mechanical properties, and electric breakdown strength are the main parameters for adjusting actuation behavior of DEACs. This review provides a brief introduction to the effect of 2-dimensional carbonic filler on the percolation threshold during the fabrication of these composites. The design process of graphene nanosheets (GNs) and their derivatives are described based on the filler structure: simple filler and complex filler. For each group, recent remarkable developments are illustrated and the technical issues demanding further improvement are discussed. In general, graphene-oxide (GO) and reduced-GO (rGO), as commutable GNs, numerous cases of use in DEACs have been reported where these materials were employed for controlling the reduction rate of dielectric breakdown strength, maintaining loss parameter (dielectric loss ( e ' ' ) and loss modulus ( E ' ' )), increasing electromechanical sensitively (β=dielectric permittivity ( e ' ) / elastic modulus) and improving the state of filler dispersion with interfacial engineering. The current review discusses the latest trends in research development in achieving such graphene-enabled enhancements. A systematic approach has been undertaken to highlight the advancements and challenges of graphene-based DEACs and the key research areas that need immediate attention.

Graphene-based composite for dielectric elastomer actuator: A comprehensive review

graphene fundamentals and emergent applications is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the graphene fundamentals and emergent applications is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Antje Strauss

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Graphene Fundamentals And Emergent Applications