There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/197439/1207.0203v1.pdf

Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

In recent year, the Internet of Things (IoT) has drawn significant research attention. IoT is considered as a part of the Internet of the future and will comprise billions of intelligent communicating `things'. The future of the Internet will consist of heterogeneously connected devices that will further extend the borders of the world with physical entities and virtual components. The Internet of Things (IoT) will empower the connected things with new capabilities. In this survey, the definitions, architecture, fundamental technologies, and applications of IoT are systematically reviewed. Firstly, various definitions of IoT are introduced; secondly, emerging techniques for the implementation of IoT are discussed; thirdly, some open issues related to the IoT applications are explored; finally, the major challenges which need addressing by the research community and corresponding potential solutions are investigated.

The internet of things: a survey

The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper, we focus specifically to an urban IoT system that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at exploiting the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. This paper hence provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.

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Internet of Things for Smart Cities

In this paper, we propose WAQM, a novel XML-based multiagent system for Quality of Service (QoS) management in wireless networks. WAQM is characterised by the following features: (i) it handles a user profile and exploits it jointly with suitable network resource management techniques to maximise user satisfaction; (ii) it is semi-automatic; (iii) it exploits XML for guaranteeing a light, versatile and standard mechanism for information representation, storing and exchange. In this paper, the basic features of the system are discussed into detail. Furthermore, the main results of a performance evaluation study aiming at comparing it with alternative agent-based approaches for handling user access to telecommunications networks are reported.

WAQM: managing QoS in wireless networks by means of an XML-based multiagent system

In this paper, we study a vertically differentiated duopoly market, where competitors (mobile service providers) offer mobile subscriptions to customers, who diversify in their preferences regarding price and quality. We consider a two-stage game where the players first select the quality and then begin a competitive process for the price or quantity, which is widely known as Bertrand or Cournot game, respectively. To capture the service provider strategy, we first introduce variable costs to improve the quality, which are linear in quality per a subscription, and then derive the market-related metrics of interest for the tractable uniform distribution of the customer’s taste parameter. Further relaxing this strong assumption, we provide with a numerical procedure that helps characterize an arbitrary taste distribution as well as an arbitrary cost function. Finally, selected numerical examples report on the comparison between the uniform and the truncated exponential distribution, thus accentuating the importance of choosing an appropriate customer taste model.

Comparing Customer Taste Distributions in Vertically Differentiated Mobile Service Markets

Focus of the present paper is the integration between high altitude platforms (HAPs) and terrestrial UMTS system to support multimedia broadcast/multicast services. HAPs are characterised by a wide coverage area, which makes them a very attractive solution to support broadcast and multicast applications, while increasing both resource capacity and grade of services. In the depicted scenario, we propose to enhance the system efficiency by envisaging a novel radio resource management (RRM) protocol based on the evaluation of the power consumption relevant to users belonging to each multicast group. We demonstrate that the use of the proposed RRM policy, coupled to a wise selection of transport channels, leads to the effective management of multiple multicast groups.

A Power Based Algorithm for Efficient Radio Resource Management Policy in Integrated Terrestrial/HAP MBMS Systems

Multi-layered networks exploiting HAP and satellite segments are becoming a very attractive solution to deploy global telecommunication infrastructures. In fact, they can help in offering users ubiquitous access to multimedia information in an efficient and cost-effective way. In this paper a multi-layered infrastructure is presented aiming at efficiently allocating bandwidth among different user typologies. Two different scenarios are considered for DVB-RCS service delivery. A one-layer system, with the satellite coverage stratum only, and a two-layer one, with an integrated HAP-satellite coverage layer. A simulation campaign is conducted in order to assess the performance of both scenarios and to compare their performance. This study is, therefore, intended as a research contribution to the understanding of the actual usefulness of introducing a HAP stratum into terrestrial-satellite hybrid wireless systems

An integrated HAP-satellite communications system for DVB-RCS service provisioning

Named Data Networking (NDN) has been recently extended to enable the discovery and provisioning by name of in-network cloud-like services such as processing and data storage. Such a feature is particularly helpful in distributed edge environments, where mobile end devices can be involved in service offering. In such a context, a challenging issue is to motivate a mobile device to behave as a provider and share its resources (e.g., CPU, memory) in order to assist other end devices (consumers), in wireless proximity, asking for a given service. In this paper, we propose a solution revolving around two concepts: enhanced NDN primitives and a social-driven stimulus for mobile devices to volunteer as service providers. A bio-inspired response function is used by a potential provider's device to rate both its available resources and the social ties with the current consumer's device, established according to the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) paradigm. An early evaluation showcases to which extent the conceived solution allows a consumer to find a nearby provider available to offer its services, under different social neighbourhood settings.

Antonio Iera

Papers

WAQM: managing QoS in wireless networks by means of an XML-based multiagent system

Comparing Customer Taste Distributions in Vertically Differentiated Mobile Service Markets

A Power Based Algorithm for Efficient Radio Resource Management Policy in Integrated Terrestrial/HAP MBMS Systems

An integrated HAP-satellite communications system for DVB-RCS service provisioning

Exploiting Social Ties at the Mobile Edge through Named Data Networking