Throughout the twentieth century the figure of citizenship that has been dominant since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has begun to change. We have witnessed the emergence of new rights including ecological, sexual and indigenous rights as well as blurring of the boundaries between human and civil, political and social rights and the articulation of rights by (and to) cities, regions and across states. We have witnessed the birth of new ‘acts of citizenship’: both organized and spontaneous protests to include situationist and carnivalesque forms. We have also witnessed the emergence of ‘activist’ international courts (and judges), as well as new media and social networking as sites of struggles. How subjects act to become citizens and claim citizenship has thus substantially changed. This article interprets these developments as heralding a new figure of citizenship, and begins the important task of developing a new vocabulary by which it can be understood.

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Citizenship in flux: The figure of the activist citizen

This article argues that medieval craft guilds emerged in order to provide transferable skills through apprenticeship. They prospered for more than half a millennium because they sustained interregional specialized labor markets and contributed to technological invention by stimulating technical diffusion through migrant labor and by providing inventors with temporary monopoly rents. They played a leading role in preindustrial manufacture because their main competitor, rural putting out, was a net consumer rather than producer of technological innovation. They finally disappeared not through adaptive failure but because national states abolished them by decree.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022050700021124

Craft Guilds, Apprenticeship, and Technological Change in Preindustrial Europe

Volume I: General Introduction Acknowledgments Notes on the text 1. Introduction: seeing things their way 2. The practice of history and the cult of the fact 3. Interpretation, rationality and truth 4. Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas 5. Motives, intentions and interpretation 6. Interpretation and the understanding of speech acts 7. 'Social meaning' and the explanation of social action 8. Moral principles and social change 9. The idea of a cultural lexicon 10. Retrospect: Studying rhetoric and conceptual change. Volume II. 1. Introduction 2. The rediscovery of republican values 3. Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the portrayal of virtuous government 4. Ambrogio Lorenzetti on the power and glory of republics 5. Republican virtues in an age of princes 6. Machiavelli on virtu and the maintenance of liberty 7. The idea of negative liberty: Machiavelli and modern perspectives 8. Thomas More's Utopia and the virtue of true nobility 9. Was there a Calvinist theory of revolution? 10. Moral ambiguity and the renaissance art of eloquence 11. John Milton and the politics of slavery 12. Classical liberty, Renaissance translation and the English civil war 13. From the state of princes to the modern state 14. Augustan party politics and Renaissance constitutional thought. Volume III: 1. Introduction: Hobbes's career in philosophy 2. Hobbes and the studia humanitatis 3. Hobbes's changing conception of a civil science 4. Hobbes on rhetoric and the construction of morality 5. Hobbes and the purely artificial person of the state 6. Hobbes on the proper signification of liberty 7. Hobbes and the classical theory of laughter 8. History and ideology in the English revolution 9. The context of Hobbes's theory of political obligation 10. Conquest and consent: Hobbes and the engagement controversy 11. Hobbes and his disciples in France and England 12. Hobbes and the politics of the early Royal Society 13. Hobbes's last word on politics.

https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/13686/frontmatter/9780521813686_frontmatter.pdf

Visions of Politics

Introduction J. H. BURNS PART I. RENAISSANCE AND COUNTER-RENAISSANCE: 1. Humanism and political theory ANTHONY GRAFTON 2. Italian political thought, 1450-1530 NICOLAI RUBINSTEIN 3. Law DONALD R. KELLEY 4. Transalpine humanism BRENDAN BRADSHAW 5. Scholasticism: survival and revival J. H. BURNS PART II. RELIGION, CIVIL GOVERNMENT, AND THE DEBATE ON CONSTITUTIONS: 6. Christian obedience and authority, 1520-50 FRANCIS OAKLEY 7. Calvinism and resistance theory, 1550-80 ROBERT KINGDON 8. Catholic resistance theory, ultramontanism, and the royalist response, 1580-1620 J. H. M. SALMON 9. Constitutionalism HOWELL A. LLOYD 10. Sovereignity and the mixed constitution: Bodin and his critics JULIAN H. FRANKLIN 11. Utopianism J. C. DAVIES PART III. ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTION IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: 12. Absolutism and royalism J. P. SOMMERVILLE 13. England: ancient constitution and common law Corinne C. Weston 14. Leveller democracy and the puritan revolution DAVID WOOTTON 15. English republicanism BLAIR WORDEN PART IV. THE END OF ARISTOTELIANISM: 16. Tacitism, scepticism, and reason of state Peter Burke 17. Grotius and Selden RICHARD TUCK 18. Hobbes and Spinoza NOEL MALCOLM PART V. NATURAL LAW AND UTILITY: 19. Pufendorf ALFRED DUFOUR 20. The reception of Hobbes MARK GOLDIE 21. Locke JAMES TULLY.

The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450–1700

Religion, terrorism and public goods: Testing the club model

Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Twelfth Century to the Present

Part 1 Early Islam: the messenger/the mission of Muhammad the notion of monarchy under the Umayyads and Abbasids c.661-900 the development of the Sunni way c.700-900 Shi'ism political culture in the Persian renaissance c.850-1050 the early Falasifa (philosophers) - Plato without the Polis. Part II Religion and state power (din wa dawla): Sunni doctrine and the state c.900-1220 the theory of the Caliphate the order of the realm Ghazali's balance the ethics of power - advice-to-kings (nahisat al-muluk) political philosophy in the 12th century Sufism and politics. Part III The Shari'a and the sword c.1220-1520: the rape of Asia Mamluk ideology and the Sultan-Caliph Nasir al-Din Tusi (1263-1328) - shara'a governance (al-siyasa al-shari'yya) the Delhi sultanate and al-Barani - statecraft and morality Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) - the science of civilization and the governance of Islam the decline of classical Islamic political thought. Part IV Islam and the west: the Age of Modernism - c.1830-1920 the Age of Fundamentalism c.1920-2000.

The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present

Why did European civilisation develop as it did? Why was it so different from that of Russia, the Islamic world and elsewhere? In this new textbook Antony Black explores some of the reasons, looking at ideas of the state, law, rulership, representation of the community, and the right to self-administration, and how, during a crucial period these became embedded in people's self-awareness, and articulated and justified by theorists. This is the first concise overview of a period never previously treated satisfactorily as a whole: Dr Black uses the analytical tools of scholars such as Pocock and Skinner to set the work of political theorists in the context of both contemporary politics and the longer-term history of political ideas. The book provides students of both medieval history and political thought with an accessible and lucid introduction to the early development of certain ideas fundamental to the organisation of the modern world and contains a full bibliography to assist students wishing to pursue the subject in greater depth.

Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450

http://photo.goodreads.com/documents/1349268192books/9682853.pdf

The history of Islamic political thought

Preface Abbreviations Historical Introduction 1. Conciliarism 2. Papal monarchy 3. Doctrine and diplomacy Conclusion Epilogue Appendices Bibliography Index.

Antony Black

Papers

Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Twelfth Century to the Present

The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present

Political thought in Europe, 1250-1450

The history of Islamic political thought

Monarchy and community : political ideas in the later conciliar controversy 1430-1450