According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

Cryogenically assisted manufacturing processes are emerging as environmentally-benign, toxic-free, hazardless operations, producing functionally superior products. This paper presents an overview of major cryogenic manufacturing processes, summarizing the state-of-the-art and significant developments during the last few decades. It begins with a summary of historic perspectives, including definitions, scope, and proceeds to analysis of process mechanics and material performance covering tribological and thermo-mechanical interactions, followed by surface integrity, product quality and performance in cryogenic manufacturing. Process analysis and applications includes machining, forming and grinding. Economic, safety and health issues are then discussed. Finally, progress in developing predictive performance models and future outlook are presented.

Cryogenic manufacturing processes

Manufacturing enterprises are changing the way they behave in the market to face the increasing complexity of the economic, socio-political and technological dynamics. Manufacturing products, processes and production systems result in being challenged by evolving external drivers, including the introduction of new regulations, new materials, technologies, services and communications, the pressure on costs and sustainability. The co-evolution paradigm synthesises the recent scientific and technical approaches proposed by academic and industrial communities dealing with methodologies and tools to support the coordinated evolution (co-evolution) of products, processes and production systems. This paper aims at reviewing and systemising the research carried out in the field of manufacturing co-evolution with a particular focus on production systems. An introductory investigation of various industrial perspectives on the problem of co-evolution is presented, followed by the description of the co-evolution model and the methodology adopted for framing the existing scientific contributions in the proposed model. Then, the core part of the work is presented, consisting in a systemised analysis of the current methodologies dealing with co-evolving product, process and system and a description of problems that remain unsolved, thus motivating future research strategies and roadmaps.

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SPECIES—Co-evolution of products, processes and production systems

Technical, Economic and Environmental Review of the Lubrication/Cooling Systems Used in Machining Processes☆

Identifying key performance factors for sustainability development of SMEs – integrating QFD and fuzzy MADM methods

The purpose of this work is to present some guidelines in the sustainable machining processes, using cryogenic conditions and gaining higher performances, lower environmental and health influences, increased safety, etc. The study presents the details about cryogenic fluids and their use in machining processes as an alternative to oil-based emulsions. The details of liquid nitrogen and the ways of their application in the machining processes, known as cryogenic machining process, are given. The research is upgraded with experimental case study on high temperature alloy machining – tungsten, and so presenting an important scientific and sustainability contribution in production processes. Experimental and analytical results are proving that the cryogenic machining technology has a high potential to cut costs and improve competitiveness, by reducing resource consumption and creating less waste and have less of an environmental and social impact, fulfilling the sustainability pillars: economical, social and environmental one, over conventional machining processes.

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The role of cryogenics in machining processes

Testing of machinability of mould steel 40CrMnMo7 using genetic algorithm

The industry is under increasing pressure of the financial crisis, global competition, stricter environmental legislation and supply-chain demand. To tackle these issues, a sustainable development trend has to be assured synergetically on all the levels/fields, including machining processes. This paper promotes sustainable production via an improvment of machining technologies through an alternative cryogenic machining process. Presented are comparative experimental results of cryogenic machining performances in accordance with conventional processes, through the analysis of: cutting forces, tool-wear, temperatures and costs. This works proves that the cryogenic technology has a high potential to cut costs and improve competitiveness by reducing resorce consumption therefore, crating less waste, and has less of an environmental and social impact. The results of this work confirm that alternative sustainable cryogenic machining offers conditions for fulfilling the sustainability pillars: the economical, social and environmental one, over conventional machining processes.

Sustainable Machining Process - Myth or Reality

Original scientific paper This paper describes a fast Fourier transformation and its application to monitoring tool wear. It describes the transformation of the collected signal during cutting from the time domain to the frequency. The introduction describes the discrete Fourier transform, DFT deficiency observed in a large number of samples. Therefore, its use in this case is fast Fourier transform. As an example, an indirect method for monitoring tool wear is shown, based on the measurement values of process variables (acoustic emission) and the relationship between tool wear and these values. Tool wear monitoring is a difficult task because many machining processes are non-linear time-variant systems, which makes them difficult to model and the signals obtained from sensors are dependent on a number of other factors, such as machining conditions.

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Acoustic emission as tool wear monitoring

Purpose The purpose of research was to find an optimum overlap length ensuring the settled bearing performance of adhesive bonded joint. At the optimum overlap length it is possible to reach a maximum load bearing capacity using a minimum quantity of applied adhesive. Design/methodology/approach In accordance with experimental test results, an optimum overlap length was achieved. In numerical analysis, the proposed material model (MISO) fits well in simulations. Findings Mechanical properties of adhesive which are often public unknown have very strong influence on reliability of material models used in numerical analysis. Therefore, it was crucial decision of research to made an adhesive specimen for tensile testing. Research limitations/implications At the overlap lengths above critical (optimal) ones, the usage of a MISO material model in FEA is not acceptable any more. In further work is of great interest to verify simulation with other materials model approaches. Practical implications Maximal strength of joint might be reached if optimal overlap length of joint is applied, nevertheless if less adherend material is consumed. Originality/value Originality is in true stress/strain diagram of adhesive which is based on experimental testing of adhesive specimen. Material model in numerical analysis is based on true stress/strain diagram Keywords Adhesive joint analysis, adhesive modeling, single lap joint

Antun Stoić

Papers

The role of cryogenics in machining processes

Testing of machinability of mould steel 40CrMnMo7 using genetic algorithm

Sustainable Machining Process - Myth or Reality

Acoustic emission as tool wear monitoring

Investigation of aluminum single lap adhesively bonded joints