The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an evolution of real-time monitoring and inspection in construction through sensors and wireless devices. One of the important elements of the equipment is the antenna which decides the quality and accuracy of supervising information over various communication standards. In this paper, we proposed a triple band Vivaldi antenna in which all detailed dimensions are optimized by CST software. Based on FR4 substrate with a height of 1.6mm, the total size of the Vivaldi antenna is 58.5 x 40 x 1.6 mm3 that can be fitted on a small form factor. Operating at 2.44GHz, 4GHz, and 5.6GHz with a large bandwidth of 8.09%, 12.5%, and 19.29% respectively, the proposed antenna bandwidth covers almost all popular IIoT bands such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G below 6GHz ones.

Triple Band Vivaldi Antenna for Construction Monitoring Based on the IIoT Systems

The Vivaldi antenna is used to design for ultra-wideband applications due to its characteristic of broadband traveling waves. In this paper, we optimized a Vivaldi structure to become a pentaband antenna. Fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3, the size of antenna is rather compact with a patch dimension of 34.61 mm × 40 mm which is suitable for modern terminals. Operating at 3.8 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 8 GHz, 10.5 GHz, and 12.8 GHz with a large bandwidth of 769 MHz, 1959 MHz, 1965 MHz, 1906 MHz, and 2857 MHz respectively, the proposed antenna can apply for applications of 5G, WiFi 6, radar, and the satellite of C, X, Ku band. The antenna design dimensions are calculated and optimized. The S11 parameter, current density, radiation pattern, and resistance matching are analyzed by using CST-MW software. Besides, the reflection coefficient simulation and measurement results agree well. 

Optimizing Penta-Band Vivaldi Antenna for 5G, WiFi 6, Radar and Satellite Applications

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a domain between IoT and Industry 4.0 that brings an evolution in automation and data exchange. Multiband and the wideband antenna are an important part to support high-rate IoT/IIoT communication through the wireless systems. In this study, we optimized a Vivaldi antenna for triple-band operation at well-known IIoT bands without adding any slot or extra structure. The antenna gets a large bandwidth of over 8%, 12%, and 19% at 2.4GHz, 4GHz, and 5.6GHz resonant frequencies, respectively. To improve several antenna characteristics such as resistance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency, an L shape symmetric Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure is proposed. At the 5.6 GHz band, the SIW antenna achieves over 25% increase in radiation efficiency that reaches 99% although FR4 substrate is chosen to design the antenna. The proposed Vivaldi antenna is analyzed using CST simulation and measured using VNA equipment with an agree well result. Besides, we also set up a reality wireless system to test the antenna at two important IIoT bands: 2.4GHz and 5GHz.

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The Performance Enhancement of Triple-band Vivaldi Antenna using SIW Structure for IIoT applications

In this paper, a balanced Vivaldi antenna has presented. The exponential and tapered design for edge transitions and feeding is considered for enhancing the bandwidth of proposed antenna. The proposed design shows tri-band operation over 3–14 GHz frequency range with VSWR values 1.12, 1.12, 1.25 and bandwidths 7.6%, 11.4%, 2.8% at three operating frequencies 3.9 GHz, 8.7 GHz, 13.9 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna uses at satellite broadcasting applications. All simulations are performed by HFSSv13.0 software.

Anusha Koppisetti

Papers

Analysis and Design of Balanced Vivaldi Antenna for Triple Band Applications