Una de las principales limitantes para generar estrategias para la conservacion, es la falta de informacion y la dificultad para identificar vacios de conocimiento, que faciliten el entendimiento de un grupo taxonomico. En este trabajo desarrollamos el diagnostico sobre el grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprofagos en Colombia. Se recopilo la bibliografia, utilizando 12 bases de datos y se revisaron 16 940 especimenes depositados en 26 colecciones. Se encontraron 232 especies, en 386 localidades, con un porcentaje de cobertura del 10.62%. Se evidencia en los ultimos anos un incremento en el numero de estudios, sin embargo solo 64 localidades tienen publicaciones. Se encontraron registros para todos los departamentos, siendo los mejor muestreados: Cundinamarca, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca y Boyaca. Los ecosistemas con mayor numero de publicaciones son el bosque humedo premontano Andino, el bosque humedo montano Andino y el bosque humedo del Pacifico. Sin embargo, existen muchos ecosistemas con muy pocos estudios como los manglares, zonas deserticas, savanas naturales, morichales, paramos, bosques inundables y sistemas agricolas. La region biogeografica con mayor numero de localidades es la Andina, seguida del Choco-Magdalenense y la Amazonia. A nivel general, persiste un alto nivel de submuestreo. Se evidencia la necesidad de ampliar la cobertura del muestreo a nivel nacional, enfocando los esfuerzos en aquellas areas submuestreadas con importancia a nivel de conservacion. Jorge Ari Noriega1, Edgar Camero R.2, Jorge Arias-Buritica3, Luis Carlos Pardo4, Jose Mauricio Montes5, Aldemar A. Acevedo6, Andrea Esparza7, Betselene Murcia Ordonez8, Hector Garcia9 & Cesil Solis10 1Laboratorio de Zoologia y Ecologia Acuatica - LAZOEA, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia; jnorieg@hotmail.com2Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; eecameror@unal.edu.co3Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; joaariasbu@unal.edu.co4Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacifico-IIAP-MMA, regional Valle, Palmira, Colombia; pardolc@hotmail.com5Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia; jmpamplonman@gmail.com6Grupo de Ecologia y Biogeografia, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia; bioaldemar@gmail.com7Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia;   aesparzaleon@gmail.com8Grupo BYDA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia; b.murcia@udla.edu.co9Herbario UTMC, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; coleopterocoprofago@yahoo.es10Universidad del Atlantico, Fundacion Hidrobiologica George Dahl, Barranquilla, Colombia; cesilsoli@yahoo.com

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Grado de cobertura del muestreo de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Colombia

Objectives: We characterize the herpetofauna and determine their spatial distribution at the campus of Magdalena University. Methodology: The study was conducted by the method of Visual encounter surveys starting from 9:00-12:00, 16:00 to 18:00, 19:00 to 21:00 hours, during dry and rainy season. We also installed two pitfall traps with an interception barrier in the recovering forest trying to capture as many species as possible. Results: Between April 2011 and April 2013 we recorded 39 species, seven species of amphibians and 32 species of reptiles distributed in three and 14 families respectively, on the campus of the University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia. Conclusions: The records of these species document the importance of dry forest remnants for the conservation of amphibians and reptiles populations on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, mainly of this remnant within the town, to become islands of conservation in the city of Santa Marta.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5168116.pdf

Herpetofauna del campus de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia

—We report the rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai, an endangered species only known from a single specimen, collected in 1970. At the type locality, Tandayapa, Pichincha Province, numerous follow-up surveys after 1970 failed to record the species suggesting that the population is extinct. The rediscovery of A. olallai took place in 2012 at Río Manduriacu, Imbabura Province, Ecuador. Two surveys suggest that a healthy population of A. olallai survives at the site, with observations of froglets, juveniles, and adults across numerous stream systems. However, the extent of known occupancy of the population is small (<1 km2). Further data are presented to update knowledge of the distribution, ontogeny, morphology, and conservation status of the species. The population at Río Manduriacu is surrounded by logging, mining, and hydroelectric developments that could compromise its future survival. There is an urgent need to establish a monitoring program and to protect its remaining population and habitat in the region.

Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad

The Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are a very important group in many ecosystems because they fulfill key functional rolls (Nichols et al. 2008). However, little is known about the importance of their predators (Halffter and Matthews 1966; Hanski 1991). Some authors have reported predation on dung beetles without specifying the precise taxonomic identity of the predator and/or prey species (Hanski and Hammond 1986; Hanski 1987). Recently, there was published a literature review of known predators, but there are several taxonomic inconsistences and few references related to invertebrates, especially arachnids (Young 2015). There are accurate records of a burrowing scorpion, Cheloctonus jonesii Pocock, 1892 (Harington 1978), a whip scorpion, Mastigoproctus colombianus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (Noriega and Botero-Trujillo 2008), and a spider, Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Robinson and Robinson 1970), as predators of dung beetles. On the other hand, records show that the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) is prey for eight anuran species (Blanco et al. 2013), one toad, Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Macqueen 1975), and one bird, Threskiornis aethiopicus Latham, 1790 (Davis 1977). Here I present a new record of an arachnid predator of a dung beetle. During a sampling project (November 2009 – August 2013) to characterize the food preferences of Latrodectus geometricus Koch, 1841 (the brown widow spider), eight individuals (3♂ and 5♀) of D. gazella were collected from six (2%, two webs with two individuals apiece and four webs with one specimen each) of 300 spider webs of L. geometricus that were sampled in the field. All webs were located in open field in the desert, constructed close to rocks or small shrubs, near the soil 20–40 cm above ground. All beetles were wrapped in spider silk directly on the web. The average size of the adult spiders was 4.1 cm for females and 1.3 cm for males, and the average size of the dung beetle was 1.1 cm. Two other dung beetle species were in the webs: Dichotomius cf. belus (Harold, 1880) and Canthon cf. juvencus (Harold, 1868) (they were in very bad condition, so it was not possible to confirm the species identification). This suggests that D. gazella is not a target prey for this spider. In addition, spider webs were not specifically located near dung piles, but in the vicinity of them there was abundant dung from cows, donkeys, and goats. The need to study and quantify the potential importance of this predation on the beetle’s population dynamics (see Noriega and Navarrete-Heredia 2013) is highlighted since the quantification of predation has not been fully recorded in detail. Collecting data is: COLOMBIA, Huila Department, Villavieja municipality, Tatacoa desert (surrounded by secondary fragments of Tropical Dry Forest), 450 m, 3°13′52′′ N, 75°08′56′′ W, 20.VII. 2014, A. Rueda, EANDES. Specimens are deposited in the Entomological Collection of the University of Los Andes. This is the most southern record for D. gazella in Colombia (Noriega et al. 2011), demonstrating the invasive power of this species to colonize new areas, even in extremely dry regions.

First Report of Latrodectus geometricus Koch (Araneae: Theridiidae) as a Predator of Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Se analizo el contenido de 546 estomagos de 24 especies de anuros del piedemonte de la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Cada estomago fue extraido, disectado y preservado, se realizaron mediciones de masa y volumen en lleno y vacio. Posteriormente, para cada una de las presas, se realizo la identificacion taxonomica, conteo y se midieron el ancho y el largo de aquellas completas para establecer su aporte al volumen estomacal. Se identificaron 37 items alimenticios representados en 2986 individuos o partes de ellos. El porcentaje de vacuidad alcanzo una media de 25,2±23,02% del total estudiado. Los items mas representativos corresponden a la Clase Insecta (95%), distribuidos en Hymenoptera (72.9%), Coleoptera (8%), Isoptera (6.2%) y Orthoptera (1,6%). Dentro de los artropodos no insectos el item mas representativo esta en la Clase Arachnida (4%). La mayoria de las especies presentan valores medios y altos de amplitud de nicho, es decir, son generalistas en el consumo de presas.

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Contenidos estomacales de especies de anuros en reservas naturales del municipio de villavicencio, meta, colombia

Objective: We characterize and elaborate the inventory of the herpetofauna of the middle valley of the Rancheria river for subsequent monitoring for conservation. Methodology: Four surveys in eight localities were done in the grounds of Carbones del Cerrejon Ltd during the rainy and dry seasons, the areas included tropical dry forest and subxerophitic formations. The surveys were made following different techniques: visual encounter survey, drift fences with pitfall traps and leaf litter plots. Results: Sixty-two species were identified, which include 18 of amphibians (Anura) and 44 of reptiles (21 snakes, 19 lizards, one crocodilian and two turtles). The highest diversity was found in forested areas and in areas with agricultural activities and cattle production; on the other hand, where the forest has been cleared due to the mining activity, the diversity is lower. Conclusion: This richness represents about 55% of the species reported for the lowlands of the Colombian Caribbean, which gives this area an important value for the conservation of species of tropical dry forest, considering as the most threatened ecosystem in Colombia.

Herpetofauna del valle medio del río Ranchería, La Guajira, Colombia

Se analizo la reparticion de microhabitats de cinco especies de anuros pertenecientes a las familias Bufonidae (Rhinella marina, R. granulosa), y Leiuperidae (Engystomops pustulosus, Pleurodema brachyops y Pseudopaludicola pusilla) en seis localidades del Caribe Colombiano con fragmentos de bosque seco tropical y diferentes usos de suelo. Se identificaron 29 microhabitats. Los mas usado fueron charco de agua Permanente de potreros con arboles (CPPA) y potreros inundables sin arboles (PISA). La especie que mayor cantidad de microhabitats uso fue E. pustulosus. No hubo especialistas en el uso de estos ambientes. Se presentaron diferencias en el uso de este recurso a escalas regional y local. La dinamica de uso de los microhabitats estuvo influenciada por las variaciones climaticas del bosque seco tropical. Existe reparticion de microhabitats como mecanismo de coexistencia en estas especies para epoca seca. En el periodo de lluvias este mecanismo no se aplico.

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Partición de microhabitats entre especies de Bufonidae y Leiuperidae (Amphibia: Anura) en áreas con Bosque Seco Tropical de la Region Caribe-Colombia

Se senala el consumo de la especie introducida Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) por ocho especies de anuros nativos en areas de bosque seco tropical del Caribe Colombiano con actividad ganadera. Se establece que la intensidad y extension de la actividad ganadera influye en el consumo de D. gazella por un mayor numero de especies de anuros nativos. Se obtiene el primer registro para Colombia de la respuesta de especies nativas de anuros sobre D. gazella considerada como invasora con efectos negativos sobre ensamblajes naturales.

Anuros del bosque seco tropical (Caribe Colombiano) ingieren al escarabajo exótico Digitonthophagus gazella (Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini)

We analyzed partitioning of microhábitats by five species of frogs in the families Bufonidae (Rhinella marina, R. granulosa), and Leiuperidae (Engystomops pustulosus, Pleurodema brachyops and Pseudopaludicola pusilla) in six different localities of the Colombian Caribean with tropical dry forest fragments and different land uses. We identified 29 types of microhábitats; permanent ponds in pastures with trees (CPPA) and flooded pastures without trees (PISA) were the most important environmental used. Engystomops pustulosus used the must microhábitats, and none are used by specialist species. Thus, differences Acta biol. Colomb., Vol. 15 N.o 3, 2010 47 60

Argelina Blanco Torres

Papers

Herpetofauna del valle medio del río Ranchería, La Guajira, Colombia

Partición de microhabitats entre especies de Bufonidae y Leiuperidae (Amphibia: Anura) en áreas con Bosque Seco Tropical de la Region Caribe-Colombia

Anuros del bosque seco tropical (Caribe Colombiano) ingieren al escarabajo exótico Digitonthophagus gazella (Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini)

Microhábitat Partitioning Between Leiuperidae and Bufonidae Species (Amphibia: Anura) in Tropical Dry Forest Areas in Colombian Caribbean