http://krollgroup.mit.edu/papers/Kroll_2008.pdf

Chemistry of secondary organic aerosol: Formation and evolution of low-volatility organics in the atmosphere

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sillman/web-publications/Sillmanreview99.pdf

The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments

The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks

Design and Setting Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity. Main Outcome Measure Daily counts of total non–injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period. Results A 10-ppb increase in the previous week’s ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day’s exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends. Conclusions These results indicate a statistically significant association between shortterm changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health. JAMA. 2004;292:2372-2378 www.jama.com

/pdf/ozone-and-short-term-mortality-in-95-us-urban-communities-3rvo7pylct.pdf

Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000.

A new chemical kinetics mechanism for simulating urban and regional photochemistry has been developed and evaluated. The mechanism, called the Carbon Bond Mechanism IV (CBM-IV), was derived by condensing a detailed mechanism that included the most recent kinetic, mechanistic, and photolytic information. The CBM-IV contains extensive improvements to earlier carbon bond mechanisms in the chemical representations of aromatics, biogenic hydrocarbons, peroxyacetyl nitrates, and formaldehyde. The performance of the CBM-IV was evaluated against data from 170 experiments conducted in three different smog chambers. These experiments included NOx-air irradiations of individual organic compounds as well as a number of simple and complex organic mixtures. The results of the evaluation indicate substantial improvement in the ability of the CBM-IV to simulate aromatic and isoprene systems with average overcalculation of ozone concentrations of 1% for the aromatic simulations and 6% for the isoprene simulations. The mechanism also performed well in simulating organic mixture experiments. Maximum ozone concentrations calculated for 68 of these experiments were approximately 2% greater than the observed values while formaldehyde values were low by 9%.

A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional scale computer modeling

Air pollution in the Los Angeles area is Characterized by a decrease in visibility, crop damage, eye irritation, objectionable odor, and rubber deterioration. These effects are attributed to the release of large quantities of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere. The photochemical action of nitrogen oxides oxidizes the hydrocarbons and thereby forms ozone, responsible for rubber cracking. Under experimental conditions, organic peroxides formed in the vapor phase oxidation of hydrocarbons have been shown to give eye irritation and crop damage resembling closely that observed on smog days.

Chemistry and Physiology of Los Angeles Smog

The formation of ozone through photochemical oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and hydrocarbons, such as are present in gasoline, in the presence of small quantities of nitrogen oxides has been demonstrated. Ozone production without the addition of nitrogen oxides has been observed in the photochemical oxidation of biacetyl, bibutyryl, pyruvic acid, and butyl nitrite. The ozone produced in these reactions was identified by chemical and physical methods. The ozone formation is attributed to a peroxide radical chain reaction. The release of large quantities of hydrocarbons to the air and the simultaneous presence of nitrogen oxides from combustion processes explains the relatively high ozone content, and consequent severe rubber cracking, in the Los Angeles area. These findings should be considered in planning rubber storage facilities. In view of the irritating properties of the products formed by this photochemical oxidation, both hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides should be conside...

Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organic substances

http://authors.library.caltech.edu/10933/1/BORjbc52.pdf

Arie J. Haagen-Smit

Papers

Chemistry and Physiology of Los Angeles Smog

Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organic substances

Incorporation in vitro of labeled amino acids into proteins of rabbit reticulocytes.

Metabolism of C14 labeled glycine, L-histidine, L-leucine, and L-lysine.

Xanthurenic acid and its role in the tryptophane metabolism of pyridoxine-deficient rats.