The mediators and cellular effectors of inflammation are important constituents of the local environment of tumours. In some types of cancer, inflammatory conditions are present before a malignant change occurs. Conversely, in other types of cancer, an oncogenic change induces an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumours. Regardless of its origin, 'smouldering' inflammation in the tumour microenvironment has many tumour-promoting effects. It aids in the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, promotes angiogenesis and metastasis, subverts adaptive immune responses, and alters responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.

/pdf/cancer-related-inflammation-ltml0xgfd3.pdf

Cancer-related inflammation.

http://aiocm.org/member/Immunity,%20Inflammation,%20and%20Cancer.pdf

Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer

Macrophage Diversity Enhances Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant phenolics with significant antioxidant and chelating properties. In the human diet, they are most concentrated in fruits, vegetables, wines, teas and cocoa. Their cardioprotective effects stem from the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, chelate redox-active metals, and attenuate other processes involving reactive oxygen species. Flavonoids occur in foods primarily as glycosides and polymers that are degraded to variable extents in the digestive tract. Although metabolism of these compounds remains elusive, enteric absorption occurs sufficiently to reduce plasma indices of oxidant status. The propensity of a flavonoid to inhibit free-radical mediated events is governed by its chemical structure. Since these compounds are based on the flavan nucleus, the number, positions, and types of substitutions influence radical scavenging and chelating activity. The diversity and multiple mechanisms of flavonoid action, together with the numerous methods of initiation, detection and measurement of oxidative processes in vitro and in vivo offer plausible explanations for existing discrepancies in structure-activity relationships. Despite some inconsistent lines of evidence, several structure-activity relationships are well established in vitro. Multiple hydroxyl groups confer upon the molecule substantial antioxidant, chelating and prooxidant activity. Methoxy groups introduce unfavorable steric effects and increase lipophilicity and membrane partitioning. A double bond and carbonyl function in the heterocycle or polymerization of the nuclear structure increases activity by affording a more stable flavonoid radical through conjugation and electron delocalization. Further investigation of the metabolism of these phytochemicals is justified to extend structure-activity relationships (SAR) to preventive and therapeutic nutritional strategies.

Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships.

Metastasis is a multistage process that requires cancer cells to escape from the primary tumour, survive in the circulation, seed at distant sites and grow. Each of these processes involves rate-limiting steps that are influenced by non-malignant cells of the tumour microenvironment. Many of these cells are derived from the bone marrow, particularly the myeloid lineage, and are recruited by cancer cells to enhance their survival, growth, invasion and dissemination. This Review describes experimental data demonstrating the role of the microenvironment in metastasis, identifies areas for future research and suggests possible new therapeutic avenues.

/pdf/microenvironmental-regulation-of-metastasis-49v9l5nr6y.pdf

Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis

/pdf/mechanism-of-the-formation-of-bilirubin-calcium-stones-and-c4ch946nvv.pdf

Mechanism of the formation of bilirubin calcium stones and black stones.

Long term survivors after local resection of ampullary carcinoma-report of two cases-

症例は58歳の男性で，嚥下困難感を主訴に受診し，胸部中部食道の全周性の扁平上皮癌を指摘された．気管浸潤を疑い，当院における切除不能進行食道癌レジメに沿って5-fluorouracil，cisplatin併用化学療法を開始したが，気管分岐の頭側で癌浸潤による気管狭窄を来し，狭窄部に金属ステントを留置した．以後，放射線療法63 Gy，docetaxel，nedaplatin併用化学療法を施行した．4か月後，食道気管瘻を来し，食道ステントを留置した．さらに，4か月後留置した食道ステントの口側に食道気管瘻を形成し，stent-in-stentの形で食道カバーステントを挿入した．発症から14か月後，肺炎のため永眠した．病理組織学的解剖では癌の遺残を認めなかった．進行癌に対するステント挿入後の放射線化学療法は禁忌とする報告も見られるが，合併症をコントロールしながら長期生存を認めた1例を経験したので報告する．

A Case of Long-Term Survival with Tracheal and Esophageal Stents for Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Re: "The immunophenotype and activation status of the lymphocytic infiltrate in human breast cancers, the role of the major histocompatibility complex in cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and their association with prognostic indicators".

Arimichi Takabayashi

Papers

Mechanism of the formation of bilirubin calcium stones and black stones.

Long term survivors after local resection of ampullary carcinoma-report of two cases-

A Case of Long-Term Survival with Tracheal and Esophageal Stents for Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Re: "The immunophenotype and activation status of the lymphocytic infiltrate in human breast cancers, the role of the major histocompatibility complex in cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and their association with prognostic indicators".