Патогенетические варианты развития дисфункции эндотелия сосудов у подростков с ожирением

Subject. The article presents data from a comparative analysis of the inclusion of an oral probiotic in the traditional treatment regimen for oral candidiasis. The goal is to increase the effectiveness of the traditional treatment regimen by introducing a probiotic for the oral mucosa containing the Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain. Methodology. The study involved 30 patients with a diagnosis of "oral dysbiosis" aged 20 to 60 years, who were divided into 2 groups: control (15 people) and main (15 people). In the control group, conventional medical treatment was carried out with the inclusion of probiotic and antifungal drugs in the general therapy (according to the scheme), the probiotic Bactoblis was introduced into the main drug plan. Results. The proposed treatment regimen using the latest generation probiotic for the oral mucosa containing the Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain, in combination with the traditional treatment regimen for oral dysbiosis, was more effective than conventional complex therapy. Analysis of the clinical data of therapeutic measures in patients of the main group showed stabilization of the process on the 5th day from the start of therapy compared with the control, in which the improvement was diagnosed on the 10th day. Findings. The results indicate a greater effectiveness of therapy compared to the generally accepted method for the treatment of oral dysbiosis when a probiotic containing the Streptococcus salivarius K12 strain is included in the traditional regimen, which can serve as a guideline for practitioners in choosing a treatment plan for oral dysbiosis.

Criteria for choosing the method of correction of disbacteriosis of authorities oral cavity

Subject. With increasing age of patients, in many cases, the severity of periodontal diseases also increases, and dystrophic ones join the inflammatory processes. Local predisposing factors in the oral cavity are aggravated by concomitant somatic diseases and a decrease in compensatory processes against the background of physiological aging. Literature data indicate that the manifestations of the physiological process of aging and pathological processes (inflammatory and dystrophic) can be clearly observed on the example of buccal epithelial cells. The aim is to identify the relationship between the age of patients, their periodontal status and the cytological characteristics of buccal epithelial cells. Methodology. All study participants were divided into two groups: the first included patients with a conditionally healthy periodontium (72 people), the second - with a chronic inflammatory process in the periodontium (57 people). In accordance with the WHO classification, a gradation of age was carried out: young (18―44 years old), mature (45―59 years old), elderly (60―74 years old), senile (75―90 years old). All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination, sampling and cytological examination of the buccal epithelium, calculation of the integral indices of the buccal cytogram. Results. In healthy patients, a weak positive correlation was established between the cytogenetic index, the index of the accumulation of cytogenetic disorders and age, a weak negative correlation was found between the proliferative index and age. In patients with an inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, a multidirectional change in the values of the buccal cytogram indices was observed, which may indicate an imbalance in the processes of regeneration, apoptosis, and cellular damage in inflammatory periodontal diseases in older age groups. Conclusions. In patients with healthy periodontal disease, a regular accumulation of cytogenetic disorders occurs with increasing age, while proliferative activity, on the contrary, decreases. Patients with inflammatory phenomena in the periodontal tissues are characterized by imbalance, impaired coordination of regeneration and apoptosis processes, combined with the most pronounced reactivity in the middle age period.

Influence of age on periodontal human health

Subject. Gingival recession refers to a form of periodontal disease, which is characterized by a decrease in the free gum without signs of chronic inflammation in the apical direction of the gum and periodontal tissues. 
The goal is to determine the clinical and radiological features of periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession. 
Methodology. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted according to a specially developed algorithm of 47 patients aged 20 to 45 years old with a diagnosis of gum recession, which included the collection of anamnestic data, special questionnaires, clinical, radiological and ultrasound examinations of periodontal tissues. 
Results. According to clinical and radiological data, the diagnosis of gum recession was confirmed in all patients: in 31 (62 %) ― Miller's class I gum recession, in 11 (25 %) ― II, in 5 (11 %) ― III and in 1 (2 %) ― IV. The dependence of the gum recession on the quality of oral hygiene was determined: with satisfactory oral hygiene (OHI-S <2.6), the depth of the gum recession was 1-1.5 mm, with poor (OHI-S> 2.6) ― more than 1,5 mm. In 14 (42.8 %) patients, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis was established, in 57.2 % of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Of the total number of patients, a thin biotype was determined in 30 (63.8 %) patients, and a thick biotype was identified in 17 (36.2 %). A combination of a thin biotype with a small vestibule of the oral cavity, the presence of anomalies of the frenum and strands of the mucous membrane in 23.4 % was revealed. 
Conclusions. Miller class I gingival recessions have the highest frequency of occurrence (62 %). The ultrasonic research method allowed non-invasive determination of the gingival biotype and gum thickness. A thin biotype of the gum was diagnosed in 63.8 % of patients, which must be taken into account when planning surgical treatment.

Clinical and x-ray features of periodontic tissues in patients with gingival recession

Subject. In recent systematic reviews, the question of the clinical value of cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family in chronic periodontitis (CP) has been discussed. Some authors consider them to be reliable biomarkers, while others believe that although they allow differentiating gingivitis and severe CP, the quantity and quality of published works require further research in this area. 
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical value of the level of cytokines of the IL-1 family in chronic mild periodontitis. 
Methodology. All study participants were divided into two groups: main and control. The main group included 45 patients with mild chronic periodontitis, the control group consisted of 32 practically healthy volunteers without periodontal pathology. The concentration of IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-1RA (receptor antagonist) in the oral fluid was determined by the method of multiparameter fluorescence analysis with magnetic microspheres (хMAP-technology, Luminex). 
Results. In the group of patients with periodontitis, there was an increase in the oral fluid levels of IL-1RA by 3.14 times (p = 0.01), IL-1α - by 2.3 (p = 0.02) in comparison with the control group. The integral characteristic of the clinical value of the parameters (AUC) is quite high for both indicators: IL-1RA ― 0.91 and IL-1α ― 0.94. The content of IL-1β and IL-18 did not change significantly. 
Conclusions. The study found an increase in the concentration of salivary cytokines of the IL-1 family in CP. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of such tests as the content of IL-1α and IL-1RA in the oral fluid make it possible to consider them as biomarkers of mild chronic periodontitis.

Are salivary cytokines of the il-1 family biomarkers of chronic periodontitis?

Introduction. A variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, results in increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of pre-clinical manifestations. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibilities of modern technologies in diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Materials and methods. We studied original papers on the diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions from several databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Results. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnostics of different clinical manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. We described the diagnostic value of occlusal disorders analysis in universal articulators, virtual articulators, T-scan system. Capabilities of teleroentgenography, axiography, electromyography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging were estimated as well. Conclusions. The literature review on the problem of diagnosing the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions showed a scientifically based spectrum of diagnostic capabilities of modern dentistry, a trend in the development of highly informative digital diagnostic technologies. Due to the diversity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions further in-depth studies of this issue are required.

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Pathogenetic justification of new approaches to the assessment of the state of oral cavity in chronic generalized parodontitis

Ожирение у детей является одной из самых серьезных медико-социальных проблем XXI в. Показатели детского и подросткового ожирения во всем мире увеличились с менее чем 1% в 1975 г. до 6% среди девочек и почти 8% среди мальчиков в 2016 г. [1]. Ожирение и предшествующее его развитию накопление избыточной массы тела у ребенка ведут к развитию различных морфофункциональных нарушений развивающегося организма. Проблема ранней диагностики избыточной массы тела, формирования групп риска развития ожирения является актуальной. Основной диагностический критерий избыточной массы в практике врачей© В.В. Базарный, Е.В. Ануфриева*, А.Ю. Максимова, Л.Г. Полушина, О.П. Ковтун

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Serum nesfatin in overweight and obese children

Recently, buccal epithelium has been used to study age-dependent processes. This approach is of particular relevance due to its non-invasiveness. The purpose of this study is to establish the normal values of the buccal cytogram in different age groups, including athletes. 200 practically healthy volunteers of different ages were examined, who were divided into 5 groups in accordance with the WHO age classification. In addition, 125 professional athletes took part in the study. All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination and a standard cytological examination of buccal smears. It has been established that the cytological characteristics of buccal epitheliocytes, indirectly reflecting disorders of the nuclear apparatus of the cell, did not change significantly with age, but there was a certain upward trend in the number of cells with such anomalies (micronucleus, protrusions).The number of binuclear cells and the apoptotic index also slightly increase with age. At the same time, a high positive correlation was found between the apoptosis index and senile age. In young athletes, an increase in the number of buccal epitheliocytes with a perinuclear vacuole (an early sign of cell damage) was foundAnalysis of the cytological examination results of the buccal epithelium in people a slight increase in the level of cytological abnormalities in old age, in particular, signs of apoptosis. In addition, in healthy young athletes (18 years old - 44 years old), an increase in the number of cells with signs of nuclear degradation, which most likely reflects increased mechanical stress on the maxillofacial apparatus during sports activities.

Age features of buccal epithelium in practically healthy people.

Subject. To improve the effectiveness of prosthetics for tooth loss, an abutment is proposed, which is used both as an artificial crown and a gum former, which is especially important for prosthetics in the frontal group of teeth. An analysis was made of the local content of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 8 and 9 and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP) and buccal cytology in patients before and after dental implantation surgery using the author's technique and the traditional protocol. 
Objective ― to evaluate the effectiveness and non-invasiveness of using the author’s abutment design under immediate loading by evaluating oral homeostasis and the level of cell proliferation. 
Methodology. Three groups of patients were examined: the main of 25 patients from 30 to 60 years old, who used the original technique, comparisons - 40 patients of the same age, where prosthetics and implantation were performed according to the traditional two-stage protocol and a control group of 40 somatically preserved patients of the same age, which do not require dental prosthetics. In all groups, MPP 8, 9, TIMP were studied, and the buccal cytology was also evaluated. 
Results. The pathogenetic role of disorders of the connective tissue matrix in the development of early complications of dental implantation was revealed. 
Findings: Laboratory studies and clinical observations of patients of the main group and the comparison group indicate the effectiveness and non-invasiveness of the original methods of prosthetics on implants using an individual abutment with a gingiva shaper.

Arina Maksimova

Papers

Pathogenetic justification of new approaches to the assessment of the state of oral cavity in chronic generalized parodontitis

Serum nesfatin in overweight and obese children

Age features of buccal epithelium in practically healthy people.

Laboratory-clinical substantiation of atravmaticity of using individual healing abutment of the author's design

The Study of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine Profile in Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Neurotoxic Side Effects of Chemotherapy