Access monitoring and control system are a set of software and hardware for restricting and registering the entry and exit of objects to a given territory through special transitions. Reliable operation of these systems is an important element of security. Electromagnetic interference may impair the function of access control systems. One of the causes of system malfunctions can be electromagnetic interference through the power supply network. The article analyzes unintentional and deliberate sources of electromagnetic interference through the power supply network. A simulation model is proposed and the results of modeling electromagnetic interference in an access monitoring and control system when exposed to electromagnetic pulses through a power supply network are presented. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data.

Research of Electromagnetic Interference in the Power Supply Network of the Access Monitoring and Control System

The formation of spurious electromagnetic emission from electronic means is associated with a change in current in electrical circuits when switching elements. The research of these emissions is important for solving the following problems: electromagnetic compatibility; information security; biological electromagnetic compatibility. The main method for researching spurious electromagnetic emission from electronic means is an experimental approach. But this equipment has a high price and is available from a limited number of organizations. The purpose of this work is to develop a theoretical-experimental technique for research spurious electromagnetic emission from electronic means at the place of their operation. In accordance with the technique for research spurious electromagnetic emission from an electronic means is equal to the difference between the electric field strength in the off and on state. Examples of research spurious electromagnetic emission from the personal computers are presented.

Technique for Research Spurious Electromagnetic Emission from Electronic Means

The article deals with the issues of detecting state registration numbers of vehicles in images when solving the problem of their identification in intelligent transport systems. The main approaches for solving this problem are described, which belong to two classes–based on image processing and based on machine learning. It is shown that, despite the effectiveness of methods based on machine learning, it is advisable to use methods based on image processing for certain specific conditions. Among the image processing methods for detecting vehicle license plates, edge analysis methods are the fastest. At the same time, you can use the properties of the wavelet transform to analyze the edges. This is the basis of the approach proposed by the authors, which provides for the use of a weight model based on the coefficients of the multiple-scale orthogonal Haar wavelet transform. As a result of building such a model, weights are calculated that reflect the significance of the pixels of the original image for the analysis of the edges when searching for the area of the vehicle number. The weight model allows you to emphasize the characteristics of the vehicle number area in the image and use additional processing to find its location. The advantages of the proposed approach include simplicity in implementation, the detection of vehicle numbers in images obtained under various conditions, and the possibility of supplementing it with operations that ensure increased efficiency at all stages.

Application of the Weight Model to Detect the State Registration Number of the Vehicle in the Image

Methods of image compression in cyber-physical systems based on computer vision technologies are considered. An approach to image compression is proposed by analyzing the significance of the detail coefficients of the wavelet transform. The approach is based on the use of a model of energy features. The model is a set of weight images of various levels, in which a certain weight is associated with each pixel. To obtain the weights, the relationship of the detailing coefficients of different levels is taken into account. These weights allow us to estimate the need to store the values of the corresponding coefficients of detail for subsequent image reconstruction. The chapter considers various ways of calculating weights when constructing a model of energy features. An image compression scheme based on the proposed approach is presented, the main stages of which are the implementation of the wavelet transform, the construction of a weight model, and the formation of significance maps of detailing coefficients at all levels. To assess the significance of the detail coefficients of the wavelet transform, it is proposed to use the threshold transform. Various ways for selecting threshold values of weights for performing the specified transformation are given. The possibility of improving the quality of image compression by adding elements of significance maps and values of significant detail coefficients of the wavelet transform to the general scheme of encoding operations is considered. The quality indicators of image compression and recovery obtained by applying the proposed approach are given. 

Image Compression Based on the Significance Analysis of the Wavelet Transform Coefficients Using the Energy Feature Model

When analyzing multiconductor transmission lines with the edge coupling by the method of moments, the matrices of per-unit-length parameters may be inaccurate, which leads to an unacceptable noncausal response at the end of the transmission line. The article proposes a simple technique of a nonuniform segmentation of multiconductor transmission lines with edge coupling boundaries to eliminate the inaccurate calculation of the capacitance matrix. This technique allows obtaining accurate capacitance matrices with the lowest computational costs on single-variant and multivariate analyses, as well as optimization or stability analysis. 

Accurate Capacitance Matrices for Multiconductor Transmission Lines

Multilayer printed circuit boards are widely used for the development of modern computing equipment. Often, in multi-layer printed circuit boards, electromagnetic compatibility problems arise. This leads to a distortion of information signals in interconnects. One of the reasons for the distortion of information signals in a multilayer printed circuit board is the resonant effects in interconnects. Resonant effects in interconnects can occur due to the presence of cutouts in the ground layer or power layer of board. These cutouts are present to connect any elements, connectors, etc. A tool is proposed in the work and simulation models for the analysis of resonance effects are developed. The distortion of information signals due to resonance effects in interconnects in the presence of cutouts in the ground layer is simulated. Comparison of the results of numerical modeling with experimental data indicates sufficient accuracy of the developed models.

Artem O. Arkhipov

Papers

Research of Resonant Effects in Interconnects of Multilayer PCB of Computing Equipment