With the substantial increase in the number of smart cars, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where data can be shared between vehicles to enrich existing vehicle services and improve driving safety, is gaining more and more attention, thus creating a more efficient intelligent transportation system. Moreover, the in-depth research and development of 6G and AI technology further strengthen the interconnection of various entities in VANET and can realize edge intelligence, which fundamentally enhances the efficiency of data sharing. However, reliable transmission and secure storage of data have always been a great challenge in data sharing. Although some schemes store shared data in the blockchain, most of the consensus mechanisms they use employ full nodes to verify signature information and timestamps, which cannot effectively judge the reliability of the shared data itself. Some other schemes use scoring mechanisms to evaluate data uploaded by vehicles, but these methods can be affected by network hardware failures and cannot effectively detect duplicate data. In addition, participants’ privacy may also be disclosed in the process of data sharing, such as participants’ location and identity information. Therefore, to address the above problems, this paper proposes a data sharing scheme in 6G-VANET, which can not only ensure the reliability and security of shared data but also protect the privacy of participants. Firstly, a consortium chain is adopted to realize the secure storage of shared data in 6G-VANET, which meets the requirements of tamper-proof and traceability of data. Secondly, a voting consensus mechanism is designed in combination with smart contract to ensure the reliability of data. Thirdly, the trained word2vec natural language processing model is deployed to edge nodes to realize edge intelligence, effectively eliminate the duplicate shared data, and enhance storage efficiency. Finally, a participant privacy protection mechanism is designed using the Private Set Intersection (PSI) protocol, and a secure and efficient data sharing scheme is finally realized. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by security analysis and experimental evaluation. The experimental results show that the time and space overhead of blockchain can meet the practical requirements, and the proposed PSI protocol of large-scale vehicles can be completed in a short time.

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An Efficient Data Sharing Scheme for Privacy Protection Based on Blockchain and Edge Intelligence in 6G-VANET

Vehicle to everything (V2X) technology allows the broader development of driving safety, efficiency, and comfort. Because the vehicles can quickly send and receive frequent messages from other vehicles and nearby devices, e.g., cooperative awareness message applications on the intelligent transport system (ITS), V2X requires a good security and privacy protection system to make the messages reliable for the ITS requirements. The existing standards developed in the US and Europe use many short valid period pseudonym certificates to meet the security and privacy requirements. However, this method has difficulty ensuring that revoked pseudonym certificates are treated as revoked by any vehicles because distributing revocation information on a wireless vehicular network with intermittent and rapidly changing topology is demanding. A promising approach to solving this problem is the periodic activation of released pseudonym certificates. Initially, it releases all required pseudonym certificates for a certain period to the vehicle, and pseudonym certificates can be used only after receiving an activation code. Such activation-code-based schemes have a common problem in the inefficient use of network resources between the road-side unit (RSU) and vehicles. This paper proposes an efficient and privacy-preserving activation code distribution strategy solving the problem. By adopting the unicast distribution model of modified activation code for pseudonym certificate (ACPC), our scheme can obtain benefits of efficient activation code distribution. The proposed scheme provides small communication resource usage in the V2X network with various channel options for delivering activation codes in a privacy preserved manner.

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Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Certificate Activation for V2X Pseudonym Certificate Revocation

The rapid deployment of 5G technology has further strengthened the large-scale interconnection between sensing devices and systems and promoted the rapid development of smart cities and intelligent transportation systems. 5G-enabled vehicular networks take advantage of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) technology to achieve the connection between moving vehicles, between vehicles and infrastructure, and between vehicles and the cloud, which can reduce the possibility of traffic jams and accidents, improve transportation efficiency, and realize automatic driving. Besides, 5G-enabled vehicular networks also provide infotainment services and industry application services. High-strength data transmission, however, will bring a serious burden of resource overhead, and there are hidden dangers of security and privacy in the communication process of vehicular networks. Some current vehicular network authentication schemes adopt public key infrastructure-based (PKI-based) and identity-based authentication methods to achieve conditional privacy preservation. Still, these schemes are too expensive and cannot address the problems of costly certificate management or risky key escrow. Some schemes use computationally complex bilinear pairing operations that result in low efficiency and do not consider the revocation of malicious nodes so that they cannot effectively prevent further malicious attacks. This paper proposes a lightweight certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme with a revocation mechanism suitable for 5G-enabled vehicular networks in response to the above problems. Our proposed scheme uses aggregation signature technology to aggregate multiple signatures into a single short signature, thus reducing communication overhead and storage overhead of road side units (RSUs). Furthermore, our proposed scheme utilizes the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to reduce verification time and computational overhead. Moreover, in order to prevent malicious users from sending invalid signatures to attack, our proposed scheme uses binary search to identify invalid signatures and introduces a cuckoo filter to revoke malicious users to prevent reattack. Finally, formal proof and experimental analysis show that our proposed scheme has greater advantages with respect to security and efficiency compared with the previous schemes. 

Artur A. Psyanchin

Papers

CLASRM: A Lightweight and Secure Certificateless Aggregate Signature Scheme with Revocation Mechanism for 5G-Enabled Vehicular Networks