Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Phytochemicals have two categories i.e., primary and secondary constituents. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, proteins sugar and amino acids. Secondary constituents contain terpenoids and alkaloids. Medicinal plants have antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities. The present study involves ten different medicinal plants Acacia nilotica, Psidium gujauva, Luffa cylindrical, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Momordica charantia, Fagonia cretica, Punica granatum, Ficus palmate and Prunus persica locally available in Mardan region of Pakistan. The leaves of the selected medicinal plants were washed, air dried and then powdered. The aqueous extract of leaf samples were used for the phytochemical analysis to find out the phytochemical constituents in the plants. The main objective of the research work was to check the presence or absence of the phytochemical constituents in all the selected medicinal plants. The results of the phytochemical analysis of these medicinal plants showed that the terpenoids, phlobatannins, reducing sugar, flavonoids and alkaloids were found to be present in afore mentioned medicinal plants. The phytochemical analysis of the plants is very important commercially and has great interest in pharmaceutical companies for the production of the new drugs for curing of various diseases. It is expected that the important phytochemical properties recognized by our study in the indigenous medicinal plants of Mardan will be very useful in the curing of various diseases of this region.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants Occurring in Local Area ofMardan

Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance.

Effect of guava leaves on the growth performance and cytokine gene expression of Labeo rohita and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Folk medicinal practitioners (Kavirajes) of Bangladesh are consulted for treatment of various ailments by a substantial segment of the rural and urban population of the country. The major element that distinguishes the folk medicinal practitioners from other forms of medical practices is their use of simple formulations of medicinal plants for treatment. The plant(s) used by the Kavirajes for treatment of any specific ailment vary considerably in the various parts of the country, and such differences exist even among Kavirajes of adjoining villages. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the Kavirajes of two villages, namely Babla and Terbaria, which lies in Tangail district in the central portion of the country. Each village had one practicing Kaviraj. After obtaining informed consent from the Kavirajes, interviews were conducted with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method. It was observed that the Kavirajes of the two villages used a total of 28 plants distributed into 22 families for treatment of various ailments. Leaves constituted the major plant part used, being used 48.7% of the time. From the number of plants used, it appeared that gastrointestinal tract disorders formed the major complaint of the patients with 5 plants used for treatment of various complaints like constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, and loss of appetite. Four plants each were used for treatment of pain, and skin disorders (scabies, eczema), and as blood purifier. Four plants were used for treatment of diseases in cattle. Among other ailments treated by the Kavirajes were tuberculosis, sexual disorders, urinary problems, infections, fever, hepatic disorders, kidney problems, pneumonia, stomach stones, diabetes, swellings, debility, helminthiasis, hypertension, vitamin C deficiency, tumor, and poisoning. One plant was used to maintain the body in good health and so served as a preventive measure instead of a curative effect. Since a number of allopathic medicines have been derived from medicinal plants, the plants reported in the present survey can, following scientific inquiry, form novel sources of newer drugs.

A survey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners in two villages of Tangail district, Bangladesh.

Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) commonly known for its food and nutritional values throughout the world. The medicinal properties of guava fruit, leaf and other parts of the plant are also well known in traditional system of medicine. Since, each part of guava tree possesses economic value; it is grown on commercial scale. Guava plant is considerable process has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal application of guava and the fruit considered as poor man apple of tropics. The guava plant parts are used for the development of various industrial and pharmaceutical products. In the present review, nutritional value of guava fruit and medicinal properties its various parts have been discussed to provide collective information on its multi purpose commercial values. REVIEW ARTICLE

Review on nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of guava (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN.)

Psidium guajava L, Myrtaceae, is used widely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, stomachaches, and indigestion However, the effect of the leaf extract of P guajava on the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea has not been studied The present study evaluates the effect of a hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried leaves of P guajava on parameters associated with pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea The aim was to understand its possible mechanism(s) of action in controlling infectious diarrhoea and compare it with quercetin, one of the most reported active constituents of P guajava with antidiarrhoeal activity The crude decoction and quercetin were studied for their antibacterial activity and effect on virulence features of common diarrhoeal pathogens viz colonization of epithelial cells and production and action of enterotoxins Colonization as measured by adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and invasion of enteroinvasive E coli (EIEC) and Shigella flexneri was assessed using HEp-2 cell line The production of E coli heat labile toxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) and their binding to ganglioside monosialic acid (GM1) were studied by GM1-ELISA whereas the production and action of E coli heat stable toxin (ST) was assessed by suckling mouse assay The decoction of P guajava showed antibacterial activity towards S flexneri and Vibrio cholerae It decreased production of both LT and CT and their binding to GM1 However, it had no effect on production and action of ST The decoction also inhibited the adherence of EPEC and invasion by both EIEC and S flexneri to HEp-2 cells Quercetin, on the other hand, had no antibacterial activity at the concentrations used nor did it affect any of the enterotoxins Although it did not affect adherence of EPEC, it inhibited the invasion of both EIEC and S flexneri to HEp-2 cells Collectively, the results indicate that the decoction of P guajava leaves is an effective antidiarrhoeal agent and that the entire spectrum of its antidiarrhoeal activity is not due to quercetin alone

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1472-6882-10-33.pdf

Arvind Natu

Papers

Newer insights into the mechanism of action of Psidium guajava L. leaves in infectious diarrhoea.