Knowledge production in entrepreneurship requires inclusivity as well as diversity and pluralism in research perspectives and approaches. In this article, the authors address concerns about interpretivist research regarding validity, reliability, objectivity, generalizability, and communicability of results that militate against its more widespread acceptance. Following the nonfoundationalist argument that all observation is theory-laden, context specific, and that there are no external criteria against which to assess research design and execution and the data produced, the authors propose that quality must be internalized within the underlying research philosophy rather than something to be tested upon completion. This requires a shift from the notion of validity as an outcome to validation as a process. To elucidate this, they provide a guiding framework and present a case illustration that will assist an interpretivist entrepreneurship researcher to establish and demonstrate the quality of their work.

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The Philosophy and Practice of Interpretivist Research in Entrepreneurship: Quality, Validation, and Trust

The authors have identified three areas that are central to the rationale for conducting a qualitative research project, yet which produce confusion and uncertainty for some psychologists trained in traditional research methods In this article, they consider how philosophy of science paradigms relate to the foundational rationale for qualitative inquiry and present suggestions for how researchers can formulate a statement of purpose and research questions that are congruent with an identified paradigm They examine the role of scholarly literature in two areas: those of developing a rationale and in enhancing the impact of qualitative research Examples from contemporary counseling psychology research are used to illustrate core concepts

Paradigms, Purpose, and the Role of the Literature Formulating a Rationale for Qualitative Investigations

https://education.biu.ac.il/files/education/shared/TAT_16_DEC_2010.pdf

Teachers’ critical incidents: Ethical dilemmas in teaching practice

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively review the body of research on exercise and global self-esteem (GSE). This review focuses specifically on studies using adults and also incorporates both published and unpublished works. Computer and manual searches identified 113 studies matching the selection criteria. Each study was coded according to 20 study features. A total of 128 effect sizes (d) were derived. As indicated by effect-size magnitude, participation in exercise brought about a small change in GSE (d = +0.23). Change in physical fitness and type of program were significant moderators of the effect of exercise on GSE. Larger effect sizes were observed for those who experienced significant changes in physical fitness and those participating in exercise or lifestyle programs as opposed to skills training.

The Effect of Exercise on Global Self-Esteem: A Quantitative Review

Are Cyberbullies really bullies? An investigation of reactive and proactive online aggression

It has now been 50 years since Flanagan (1954) published his classic article on the critical incident technique (CIT) - a qualitative research method that is still widely used today This article reviews the origin and evolution of the CIT during the past 50 years, discusses CIT’s place within the qualitative research tradition, examines the robustness of the method, and offers some recommendations for using the CIT as we look forward to its next 50 years of use The focus of this article is primarily on the use of the CIT in counselling psychology, although other disciplines are touched upon

Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954-2004 and beyond:

This article describes an effective approach to using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (ECIT) research method based on Flanagan’s (1954) Critical Incident Technique (CIT). It begins with an overview of the CIT, how to decide if it is the appropriate methodology to use, then using a recent CIT study as an example discusses Flanagan’s five steps for conducting a CIT study: determining the activity’s aim; setting plans, specifications, and criteria for the information to be obtained; collecting data; analyzing the data; and reporting the findings. Nine credibility checks, developed to increase the rigor and credibility of the ECIT, are described.

/pdf/using-the-enhanced-critical-incident-technique-in-1eltf8k950.pdf

Using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique in Counselling Psychology Research

This article was written to remind career counselors of the potential depth and subjective impact of both unemployment and employment transitions. An existential framework is used in discussing today's world of work, previous and contemporary career counseling models, existential theory in career counseling, and existential considerations for career counselors. Results from 3 research projects are discussed in light of I. D. Yalom's (1980, 1998) 4 existential themes. Using quotations from participants, the authors move beyond theoretical ideas and underscore the real-life importance of including the individual's larger subjective perspective when engaging in career counseling. Implications for practice are discussed.

Existential considerations for contemporary career counseling

This study used the critical incident technique to investigate what helped and hindered unemployed and career-changing people in implementing the action plans they developed while participating in career or employment counseling. Information from interviews with 23 women and 16 men generated 9 categories of helping incidents and 9 categories of hindering incidents. These categories increase understanding of the nature of action planning and reveal implications for preparing clients to engage in action planning activities.

Asa-Sophia T. Maglio

Papers

Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954-2004 and beyond:

Using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique in Counselling Psychology Research

Existential considerations for contemporary career counseling

Putting Action Back into Action Planning: Experiences of Career Clients.