Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially treated to improve its characteristics. A special sputtered electrode is formed which is extremely porous.

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Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system

An image-forming device has a plurality of cylindrical image-carrying members, and an optical scanning unit. The plurality of cylindrical image-carrying members is provided in a main casing for rotating about respective rotational axes. The rotational axes are parallel to one another and juxtaposed in a single direction. The optical scanning unit is provided in the main casing and has a plurality of laser generators, a single rotatable polygon mirror, a plurality of mirrors, and a plurality of lenses. The plurality of laser generators is provided one-to-one relationship to the plurality of image-carrying members to emit respective laser beams. The single rotatable polygon mirror deflects the respective laser beams to scan the respective image-carrying members therewith. The plurality of mirrors is provided one-to-one relationship to the plurality of image-carrying members to guide the respective laser beams along respective optical paths to the respective image-carrying members. The plurality of lenses is provided one-to-one relationship to the plurality of image-carrying members and provided in the respective optical paths and between the respective mirrors and the respective image-carrying members. Distances from the respective mirrors to the respective image-carrying members being equal to one another.

Image-forming device

The disclosed method of reducing carbon dioxide involves the following steps (a) and (b). In step (a), an electrochemical cell is prepared. Specifically, the electrochemical cell is provided with a working electrode (21), a counter electrode (23), and a tank (28). The tank (28) is provided with an electrolyte solution (27). The aforementioned working electrode (21) contains boron carbide. The aforementioned electrolyte solution (27) contains carbon dioxide. The aforementioned working electrode (21) and the aforementioned counter electrode (23) are both in contact with the aforementioned electrolyte solution (27). In step (b), a negative voltage and a positive voltage are applied to the aforementioned working electrode (21) and the aforementioned counter electrode (23), respectively, and the aforementioned carbon dioxide is reduced.

Method for reducing carbon dioxide

A method of coating a surface comprising providing a source of amorphous metal that contains manganese (1 to 3 atomic %), yttrium (01 to 10 atomic %), and silicon (03 to 31 atomic %) in the range of composition given in parentheses; and that contains the following elements in the specified range of composition given in parentheses: chromium (15 to 20 atomic %), molybdenum (2 to 15 atomic %), tungsten (1 to 3 atomic %), boron (5 to 16 atomic %), carbon (3 to 16 atomic %), and the balance iron; and applying said amorphous metal to the surface by a spray

Compositions of corrosion-resistant Fe-based amorphous metals suitable for producing thermal spray coatings

An apparatus (10) for electrolytic plating of a substrate (44) includes a tank (14) in which a shaft (30) is centrally mounted for rotation about a first axis (28). The shaft carries an arm (40), on the distal end (112) of which is rotatably mounted a fixture wheel (44). The substrate to be plated is carried on the fixture wheel, which rides on an annular track (50) formed on the bottom of the tank around the shaft. A plurality of spaced pins (52) projecting upwardly from the track engage with a plurality of spaced recesses (56) formed about the perimeter (54) of the wheel, so that the wheel rotates about a second axis (64) while revolving around the first axis. The fixture carries a plurality of electrical contact members (46) that contact the substrate. Each contact member is separately supplied with current from a multichannel power supply (22). For each electrical contact member, the fixture includes a separate corresponding conductive brush (162), bushing (142) and lead (48) threaded through the arm and shaft to the corresponding channel of the power supply.

Electrolytic plating apparatus and method

Surface activated surface alloy electrodes and a process for preparing them high in corrosion resistance and activity, comprising a corrosion-resistant metal selected from, or a corrosion-resistant alloy composed of two or more metals selected from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum, or a corrosion-resistant metal selected from, or a corrosion-resistant alloy composed of two or more metals selected from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum clad with a corrosion-resistant metal selected from, or a corrosion-resistant alloy composed of two or more metals selected from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum, or with any other metal or alloy, rolled or non-rolled, being used as a substrate metal or alloy; an alloy consisting of 20 to 67 atomic % of one or more metals selected from titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum, 0.01 to 10 atomic % of oine or more platinum group metals of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum, and substantially the remaining amount of nickel and/or cobalt, existing on said substrate metal or alloy as a rapidly solidified surface alloy of 150 μm or less thickness containing amorphous phase at least partially; and said surface alloy, being treated to be activated on the surface.

Surface activated alloy electrodes and process for preparing them

A corrosion-resistant amorphous alloy containing Ta in an amount of from 10 to 40 atomic % and Mo, Cr, W, P, B and/or Si is disclosed. This alloy can be prepared by rapidly cooling and solidifying molten alloy, shows a satisfactory corrosion resistance in high-temperature concentrated phosphoric acid, and is adapted to be used as a plant structural material or a separator for a fuel cell.

Amorphous nickel alloy having high corrosion resistance

A highly corrosion-resistant amorphous Cu alloys with at least one element selected from the group of Ta and Nb and other Cu-Ta alloys with at least one element selected from the group of Nb, Ti and Zr, wherein the total content of alloying elements other than Cu ranges from 15 to 85 at %.

Highly corrosion-resistant amorphous alloy

A highly corrosion-resistant amorphous alloy composed of ni-- 15-80 atomic % Ta Ni-- 30-80 atomic % Ta, or Ni-- 20-50 atomic % Ta-- 10-23 atomic % P, with a specific amount of optional elements of Ti, Zr, Nb, W, Fe, Co, Cr, P, B, Si, or C.

Method of preventing corrosion of a material against hydrochloric acid

A corrosion-resistant amorphous surface alloy is disclosed which is 150 µm or less thick and bonded onto a substrate crystalline metal or alloy and processed by irradiation of high energy density beam, such alloy being composed of 8-19 at% Cr, 17-22 at% in the sum of P and 2-7 at% B, and the remainder being Ni, Ni-Co containing Co in an atomic ratio of Co/Ni of 2/3 or less, or Ni-Fe or Ni-Co-Fe containing Fe in an atomic ratio of Fe/Ni or Fe/Ni+Co of 1/5 or less. Also disclosed is a process for producing such alloy.

Asahi Kawashima

Papers

Surface activated alloy electrodes and process for preparing them

Amorphous nickel alloy having high corrosion resistance

Highly corrosion-resistant amorphous alloy

Method of preventing corrosion of a material against hydrochloric acid

Corrosion-resistant amorphous surface alloys and their preparation process