Ashfaq Chauhan

TL;DR: The current and emerging challenges for health leadership and workforce management in diverse contexts and health systems at three structural levels are examined, from the overarching macro (international, national) context to the meso context of organisations through to the micro context of individual healthcare managers.

TL;DR: How ethnic minority populations are conceptualised in the international literature, and the implications of this in shaping of the findings are established; the evidence of patient safety events arising among ethnic minority healthcare consumers internationally; and the individual, service and system factors that contribute to unsafe care are established.

TL;DR: In the context of an effective consumer engagement framework, there is potential for health‐care delivery to be safer and consumers from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds to be acknowledged sufficiently in contemporary strategies to facilitate patient engagement.

TL;DR: The most commonly applied change management methodologies were Kotter's model (19 studies) and Lewin's Model (11 studies) as discussed by the authors, which were applied in projects at local ward or unit level, institutional level and system or multi-system level.

TL;DR: Embedding cultural competence as a health system, service and professional capability is critical to ensure equitable healthcare quality for consumers from all ethnic backgrounds.