There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Elements Of X Ray Diffraction

Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review of Amorphization, Crystallization, Stabilization, Solid-State Characterization, and Aqueous Solubilization of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Drugs

Composites science and technology

The increase in awareness of the damage caused by synthetic materials on the environment has led to the development of eco-friendly materials. The researchers have shown a lot of interest in developing such materials which can replace the synthetic materials. As a result, there is an increase in demand for commercial use of the natural fiber-based composites in recent years for various industrial sectors. Natural fibers are sustainable materials which are easily available in nature and have advantages like low-cost, lightweight, renewability, biodegradability and high specific properties. The sustainability of the natural fiber-based composite materials has led to upsurge its applications in various manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we have reviewed the different sources of natural fibers, their properties, modification of natural fibers, the effect of treatments on natural fibers, etc. We also summarize the major applications of natural fibers and their effective use as reinforcement for polymer composite materials.

/pdf/natural-fibers-as-sustainable-and-renewable-resource-for-kr131z3c9v.pdf

Natural Fibers as Sustainable and Renewable Resource for Development of Eco-friendly Composites: A Comprehensive Review

The cellulose rich Roselle stem fiber found in abundance throughout the world was graft copolymerized by vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft copolymer were characterized for the change in chemical structure by modern analytical techniques and evaluated for change in physical, chemical, thermal properties. These graft copolymers were then used as reinforcement in polymer matrix to form green composites. These composites had advanced physico-chemico-thermo-mechanical properties and viability that can have multi-disciplinary utilization for scientific, industrial applications that could serve as pioneer for the development of science and technology.

Exploring the Viability of Modified Cellulosic Polymer and its Use as Reinforcement to Obtain Green Composites by Advanced Analytical and Evaluation Techniques

Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy is a magnificent technique. Infrared spectroscopy is based on the fact that molecules absorb specific frequencies that are characteristic to the structure. These absorptions are resonant frequencies of the absorbed radiation that matches with the frequency of the bond or group that vibrates. The energies are determined by the shape of the molecular potential energy surfaces, the masses of the atoms and the associated vibrational coupling. In particular, in the Born-Oppenheimer and harmonic hypothesis when the Molecular Hamiltonian corresponding to the electronic ground can be approximated by a harmonic oscillator in the neighborhood of the equilibrium molecular geometry, the resonant frequencies are determined by the normal modes corresponding to the molecular electronic ground state potential energy surface. The resonant frequencies can be related to the strength of the bond and the mass of the atoms. Thus, the frequency of the vibrations can be associated with a particular bond type.

FTIR: A Novel Bio-Analytical Technique

Nature has gifted mankind with precious resources on earth. A major part of the earth provides us with renewable biomass that mostly degrades with time. Graft copolymerization is a chemical technique to improve the properties of the waste biomass and to modify its properties while sustaining the inherent trait. With the advancement of science and research many efforts have been made to modify the techniques. This review explores a brief overview of this magnificent engineering, its techniques and characterization that has helped to provide with outstanding results for better scientific and industrial achievements.

Integrated Methodology for Economic Incentive Materials

Synovial chondromatosis of the knee is an unusual, rare, benign metaplastic neoplasm of the synovium, characterized by formation of focal cartilaginous nodules in the synovium. It predominantly involves the anterior compartment of knee and extensive, disseminated involvement is rarely reported. Diagnosis is usually established with clinico-radiological imaging and confirmed by histology. The paucity of literature on the management of synovial chondromtosis, puts an orthopaedician in dilemma regarding the optimal surgical intervention. We report a case of 50-year-old male who presented with severe pain and swelling in his left knee associated with functional incapacitation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse proliferation of synovium with mild effusion displaying multiple, disseminated calcific nodules. We managed the case by open removal of loose bodies and radical synovectomy through combined anterior and posterior approach. At four years follow-up, there are no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence. Extensive involvement of the knee with calcific nodules is extremely rare. Treatment is controversial which usually includes removal of loose bodies combined with an open or arthroscopic synovectomy. Our case report recommends single stage, open retrieval of loose bodies combined with radical synovectomy to decrease the incidence of recurrence in extensive synovial chondromatosis. To our knowledge, disseminated synovial chondromatosis of the knee, managed by open, combined approach has been reported only once in the literature. 

Disseminated synovial chondromatosis of the knee managed by combined anterior and posterior approaches: A rare case report

Sereni is present in abundance through-out the world. Its stem fiber has high tensile strength and low density that promotes it to serve as a backbone for graft-copolymerization. This cellulosic fiber was graft copolymerized by binary vinyl monomeric mixture using ceric ammonium nitrate-nitric acid as initiator system. The graft co-polymers were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The comparative evaluation of graft copolymers by x-ray diffraction studies revealed the change in morphology and nature of the fiber. The results obtained by XRD were supported by the physcio-chemico-thermal transition in the properties and behavior of the fiber. These modified graft copolymer could be used in numerous scientific and bio-medical applications.

Ashish Chauhan

Papers

Exploring the Viability of Modified Cellulosic Polymer and its Use as Reinforcement to Obtain Green Composites by Advanced Analytical and Evaluation Techniques

FTIR: A Novel Bio-Analytical Technique

Integrated Methodology for Economic Incentive Materials

Disseminated synovial chondromatosis of the knee managed by combined anterior and posterior approaches: A rare case report

XRD Elaborates the Metamorphosis in Graft Copolymers