The authors discuss high-voltage power conversion. Conventional series connection and three-level voltage source inverter techniques are reviewed and compared. A novel versatile multilevel commutation cell is introduced: it is shown that this topology is safer and more simple to control, and delivers purer output waveforms. The authors show how this technique can be applied to either choppers or voltage-source inverters and generalized to any number of switches.<<ETX>>

Multi-level conversion : high voltage choppers and voltage-source inverters

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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems

Provided is an electric power converter. A First and second series circuits of switching devices and a series circuit of capacitors are connected in parallel. Between the connection point in the first series circuit of switching devices and the connection point in the series circuit of capacitors, a first bidirectional switch is connected and, between the connection point in the second series circuit of switching devices and the connection point in the series circuit of capacitors, a second bidirectional switch is connected. The connection point in the first series circuit of switching devices is connected through a reactor to an input-output common connection line connected to one end of an AC power supply and the other end of the AC power supply is connected to the connection point in the series circuit of capacitors.

Electric power converter

In this paper, we present the swarm intelligence (SI) concept and mention some metaheuristics belonging to the SI. We present the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the ant colony optimization (ACO) method as the representatives of the SI approach. In recent years, researchers are eager to develop and apply a variety of these two methods, despite the development of many other newer methods as Bat or FireFly algorithms. Presenting the PSO and ACO we put their pseudocode, their properties, and intuition lying behind them. Next, we focus on their real-life applications, indicating many papers presented varieties of basic algorithms and the areas of their applications.

Nature Inspired Methods and Their Industry Applications—Swarm Intelligence Algorithms

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) exploitation is a significant renewable energy source. The energy converted directly from sunlight through PV panel is not steady due to different solar intensity. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used extract maximum power from the solar panel, high-performance soft computing techniques can be used as a maximum power point tracking techniques. This paper proposes fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based MPPT method for the PV system under constant and varying climatic conditions. FLC-based MPPT is able to differ the PV operating voltage and seek for the maximum power that the PV panel can produce. The performance of fuzzy logic with various membership function (MF) is analyzed to optimize the MPPT. Simulation results demonstrate that the recital of FLC-based MPPT is better than unadventurous perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT.

Fuzzy logic controller based maximum power point tracking for PV system

Microgrids integrate distributed energy resources to provide reliable, environment friendly and economic power to small/medium sized urban communities or to large rural areas. Due to the existence of generators at all levels of the distribution system and two distinct operating modes, i.e. grid connected and islanded modes, the fault currents in a system vary substantially. With appropriate relay coordination they gain the ability to island generators and loads together. This has a potential to provide a higher local reliability than that provided by the power system as a whole. The protection scheme implemented addresses the existing protection challenges encountered due to the presence of both distributed generators and inverter interfaced distributed generators in the same system. The proposed protection scheme equipped with directional overcurrent relays is tested using ETAP on a microgrid that consists of distributed energy resources like photovoltaic arrays, wind, diesel generator and micro hydro turbine for various fault locations.

Protection of Microgrid through Coordinated Directional Over-current Relays

Electromagnetic transient studies have always played an essential role in the analysis of electrical power systems. They provide priceless information relating to the behaviour of the system in the event of different forms of transient phenomena, which can hardly be achieved by other means. In this paper, an electromagnetic transient model of Fixed Capacitor/ Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR) is developed and applied to the study of transients due to load variations. The work is then extended to custom power equipment, namely Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) aimed at enhancing the reliability and quality of power flows in low voltage distribution networks. A new PWM based control scheme that requires only voltage measurements and no reactive power measurements has been proposed for both the custom controllers. PSCAD/ EMTDC simulation tool is used for model implementation and to carry out extensive simulation studies. Comprehensive results are presented to assess the performance of each device as a potential custom power solution.

Modeling of facts and custom power devices in distribution network to improve power quality

In recent years, energy, environment, deregulation of power utilities have delayed the construction of both generation facilities and new transmission lines. These problems have necessitated a change in traditional concepts and practices of power systems. There are emerging technologies available, which can help electric companies to deal with above problems. One of such technologies is flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Among the converter based FACTS devices static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) are the popular FACTS devices. Considering the practical application of the STATCOM and UPFC in power systems, it is of importance and interest to investigate the benefits as well as model these devices for power system steady state operation. We have performed the power flow study of a five bus study system without any FACTS devices and further analyzed it with the converter based FACTS controllers. Programming of the power flow studies stated above is implemented with MATLAB.

Modeling of STATCOM and UPFC for power system steady state operation and control

Matrix Converter, a direct AC/AC Converter replaces the multiple conversion stages and the intermediate energy storage element of the indirect converters by a single power conversion stage, thus being a single stage converter. Matrix Converters employ an array of controlled bidirectional switches as the main power elements to create a variable output voltage system with unrestricted frequency. This paper attempts to give an overview of Matrix Converters and examines the types, features, merits and limitations of such Converters. It presents the basic operating principle of a Single Phase Matrix Converter, Two Phase to Single Phase Matrix Converter, Three Phase to Single Phase Matrix Converter and Three Phase to Three Phase Matrix Converter. The paper also introduces a topology of a Single Phase Matrix Converter, Two Phase to Single Phase Matrix Converter, Three Phase to Single Phase Matrix Converter and Three Phase to Three Phase Matrix Converter in PSIM software environment and analyses the output of the converter for different frequencies. Further, it examines the output voltage of a Single Phase Matrix Converter synthesized using the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. All simulations have been carried out in POWERSIM.

Ashwin Kumar Sahoo

Papers

Fuzzy logic controller based maximum power point tracking for PV system

Protection of Microgrid through Coordinated Directional Over-current Relays

Modeling of facts and custom power devices in distribution network to improve power quality

Modeling of STATCOM and UPFC for power system steady state operation and control

Analysis and simulation of matrix converter using PSIM