Recent advances in manufacturing industry has paved way for a systematical deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and synchronized between the physical factory floor and the cyber computational space. Moreover, by utilizing advanced information analytics, networked machines will be able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently. Such trend is transforming manufacturing industry to the next generation, namely Industry 4.0. At this early development phase, there is an urgent need for a clear definition of CPS. In this paper, a unified 5-level architecture is proposed as a guideline for implementation of CPS.

http://www.pmc.org.tw/upload/files/M3/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%89%A9%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%E8%AC%9B%E7%BE%A9/Industry%204_0%202014%20Manufacturing%20Letter%20.pdf

A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems

Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises do their businesses in that dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. This model creates a brand new opportunity for enterprises. In this paper, some of the essential features of cloud computing are briefly discussed with regard to the end-users, enterprises that use the cloud as a platform, and cloud providers themselves. Cloud computing is emerging as one of the major enablers for the manufacturing industry; it can transform the traditional manufacturing business model, help it to align product innovation with business strategy, and create intelligent factory networks that encourage effective collaboration. Two types of cloud computing adoptions in the manufacturing sector have been suggested, manufacturing with direct adoption of cloud computing technologies and cloud manufacturing-the manufacturing version of cloud computing. Cloud computing has been in some of key areas of manufacturing such as IT, pay-as-you-go business models, production scaling up and down per demand, and flexibility in deploying and customizing solutions. In cloud manufacturing, distributed resources are encapsulated into cloud services and managed in a centralized way. Clients can use cloud services according to their requirements. Cloud users can request services ranging from product design, manufacturing, testing, management, and all other stages of a product life cycle.

From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing

International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003の要求清浄度について － シリコンウエハ表面と雰囲気環境に要求される清浄度, 分析方法の現状について －

https://escholarship.org/content/qt4h56k1ch/qt4h56k1ch.pdf

Advanced monitoring of machining operations

Today, the manufacturing industry is aiming to improve competitiveness through the convergence with cutting-edge ICT technologies in order to secure a new growth engine. Smart Manufacturing, which is the fourth revolution in the manufacturing industry and is also considered as a new paradigm, is the collection of cutting-edge technologies that support effective and accurate engineering decision-making in real time through the introduction of various ICT technologies and the convergence with the existing manufacturing technologies. This paper surveyed and analyzed various articles related to Smart Manufacturing, identified the past and present levels, and predicted the future. For these purposes, 1) the major key technologies related to Smart Manufacturing were identified through the analysis of the policies and technology roadmaps of Germany, the U.S., and Korea that have government-driven leading movements for Smart Manufacturing, 2) the related articles on the overall Smart Manufacturing concept, the key system structure, or each key technology were investigated, and, finally, 3) the Smart Manufacturing-related trends were identified and the future was predicted by conducting various analyses on the application areas and technology development levels that have been addressed in each article.

Smart manufacturing: Past research, present findings, and future directions

https://escholarship.org/content/qt3j5411bd/qt3j5411bd.pdf?t=lfa3rs

Automated energy monitoring of machine tools

This paper introduces MTConnect[1], a data exchange standard that allows for disparate entities in a manufacturing system along with their associated devices to share data seamlessly in a common format. MTConnect aims to provide a common means for communication between these varied devices, and is not creating special purpose hardware or software for this purpose. This paper also presents a case-study of using MTConnect data from a machine tool for process planning verification. The potential of improved machine-tool interoperability through MTConnect is also discussed, with an emphasis on enabling “green manufacturing” through better interoperability.

/pdf/improving-machine-tool-interoperability-using-standardized-1wv1wvq7o7.pdf

Improving Machine Tool Interoperability Using Standardized Interface Protocols: MT Connect

Proceedings of the 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference MSEC2008 October 7-10, 2008, Evanston, Illinois, USA Proceedings of The 2008 International Manufacturing Science And Engineering Conference MSEC2008 October 7-10, 2008, Evanston, Illinois, USA MSEC_ICM&P2008-72223 MSEC2008-72223 METRICS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING Corinne Reich-Weiser ∗ Athulan Vijayaraghavan David A Dornfeld Laboratory for Manufacturing and Sustainability Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley, California 94720-1740 {corinne@me.berkeley.edu, athulan@berkeley.edu, dornfeld@berkeley.edu} ABSTRACT A sustainable manufacturing strategy requires metrics for decision making at all levels of the enterprise. In this paper, a methodology is developed for designing sustainable manufac- turing metrics given the specific concerns to be addressed. A top-down approach is suggested that follows the framework of goal and scope definition: (1) goal - what are the concerns ad- dressed and what is the appropriate metric type to achieve the goal (2) scope - what is the appropriate geographic and manu- facturing extent. In this methodology a distinction is made be- tween environmental cost metrics and sustainability metrics. Uti- lizing this methodology, metrics focused on energy use, global climate change, non-renewable resource consumption, and water consumption are developed. ments (LCA), (3) adjustment/optimization of the system to min- imize environmental impacts and cost based on the chosen met- rics and the LCA [1]. This paper focuses on the first of these goals, and discusses the development of appropriate metrics for industrial processes and manufacturing systems. Metric selec- tion and development is a critical component in a sustainable manufacturing strategy as it enables decision making on all as- pects of manufacturing from tool choice to system configuration. For the purposes of this paper “sustainability” is understood as the ability of an entity to “sustain” itself into the future without impacting the capacity of other entities in the system to sustain themselves. This definition involves consideration of three main drivers: economics, society, and the environment. The first of these, economics, has traditionally been the focus of the manu- facturing research community. Societal concerns have been ad- dressed by researchers as they relate to increased profit, however additional social metrics to be considered include poverty, gen- der equality, nutrition, child mortality, sanitation, health, educa- tion, housing, crime, and employment [2]. Aggregated indices that provide a broad value for “wellbeing” or “environmental sustainability” have also been developed [3]. While these social and aggregate metrics are valuable to make broad decisions, they may not allow for granular insight and decision making within the manufacturing enterprise. Introduction Innovative strategies are needed to achieve sustainable pro- cesses technologies and industrial systems. “Green” technolo- gies are often understood as those capable of meeting product de- sign requirements while minimizing environmental impact. Min- imizing impacts, however, is a necessary but not sufficient con- dition for a sustainability strategy. Three important components of a sustainable manufacturing strategy are: (1) selection and application of appropriate met- rics for measuring manufacturing sustainability, (2) completion of comprehensive, transparent, and repeatable life-cycle assess- ∗ Address all correspondence to this author. This paper specifically discusses metrics related to the en- vironment and environmental sustainability, although the proce- dure for metrics development is applicable across other areas as well. Environmental metrics are a useful starting point for dis- Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 07/09/2014 Terms of Use: http://asme.org/terms Copyright c 2008 by ASME

/pdf/metrics-for-sustainable-manufacturing-13ecjs1jb4.pdf

Metrics for Sustainable Manufacturing

This chapter has as its objective a basic introduction to the topic to set the stage for the rest of the book. It introduces first the importance of this topic now and then the motivation, basics, and definitions associated with green manufacturing and sustainability. It describes some of the drivers that are causing governments and industry to take steps to green their processes, machines, systems, and enterprises. A discussion about the distinction between green and sustainable is introduced with respect to incremental improvements, greening and achieving overall sustainability. Strategies for achieving green manufacturing are presented. Barriers and obstacles to greening manufacturing are presented along with examples from industrial practice.

Introduction to Green Manufacturing

The environmental impact of most consumer products is dominated by their use phase. However, these impacts tend to be driven by the manufacture of the product’s components since components fabricated with higher precision typically allow the product to operate at higher efficiencies. This paper investigates the relationship between precision and life cycle environmental impacts by extending the traditional LCA methodology to evaluate the impact of manufacturing process precision on the functional performance of a product during its use phase. The implications of this relationship to manufacturing decision-making are also discussed as sustainability concerns may support the use of higher precision processes.

/pdf/evaluating-the-relationship-between-use-phase-environmental-230vxg24xr.pdf

Athulan Vijayaraghavan

Papers

Automated energy monitoring of machine tools

Improving Machine Tool Interoperability Using Standardized Interface Protocols: MT Connect

Metrics for Sustainable Manufacturing

Introduction to Green Manufacturing

Evaluating the relationship between use phase environmental impacts and manufacturing process precision