eMedicine创建于1996年，由近万名临床医师作为作者或编辑参与此临床医学知识库的建设，其中编辑均是来自美国哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、芝加哥、德克萨斯、加州大学等各分校医学院的教授或副教授。

eMedicine

The principles and art of plastic surgery

Excellent book is always being the best friend for spending little time in your office, night time, bus, and everywhere. It will be a good way to just look, open, and read the book while in that time. As known, experience and skill don't always come with the much money to acquire them. Reading this book with the PDF oral and maxillofacial pathology a rationale for diagnosis and treatment will let you know more things.

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Oral and maxillofacial pathology: a rationale for diagnosis and treatment

Tumours of the salivary glands are unusual in the dog, with an overall incidence reported as 0.2%. This chapter looks at clinical approach; management; prognosis.

Tumours of the salivary glands

Summary Introduction The aim of this study was to review complications in a series of 1264 consecutive patients who were operated in a single centre during a 20-year-period. Material and methods Complications were documented, their incidences calculated and compared with data from the literature. Results In 35 patients (2.8%) infection developed requiring extraoral incision and drainage; in 27 patients (2.1%) the inferior alveolar nerve was inadvertently cut; 18 patients (1.4%) had to undergo re-operation due to bending or fracture of osteosynthesis material; 15 patients (1.2%) suffered from bleeding complications; in 12 patients (0.9%) an unfavourable split occurred. In 8 patients (0.6%) foreign bodies were left in situ; in 7 patients a partial weakness of the facial nerve occurred, which was permanent in 1 patient. Six patients (0.5%) with a significantly higher age than average (mean: 33.6 years in comparison with 23.1 years) developed non-union at the site of osteotomy, and the mandible had to be bone grafted. Two patients (0.2%) developed osteomyelitis, and in one patient airway problems led to a need for tracheostomy (0.1%). Conclusion Although some of these complications of bilateral sagittal split with osteotomy carry severe limitations in health related quality of life, it remains an overall safe procedure, demanding, however, comprehensive informed consent. Good knowledge of technical reasons for these complications should help to reduce their incidence.

Perioperative complications following sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the aesthetic results, complications and surgical indications in patients treated for orbital trauma by one of three different approaches: subciliary, transconjunctival or transconjunctival with lateral canthotomy.

A comparative study of different approaches in the treatment of orbital trauma: an experience based on 274 cases

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe diagnostic technique that is widely employed for lesions of the head and neck. Among head and neck sites, the parotid gland is unique in the number, diversity, and peculiarity of its pathological processes. This complexity has prompted a great deal of discussion regarding the application of FNA to parotid masses, primarily focusing on the reliability of FNA as a diagnostic tool in guiding patient management. This review presents an analysis of the usefulness of FNA in differential diagnosis of parotid pathologies. Recent studies have confirmed a wide range of accuracy rates for FNA evaluation of parotid masses, varying from 79% to 97%. These data cannot be uniformly anticipated across all diagnostic scenarios. FNA is notoriously unreliable in recognising the malignant nature of parotid carcinoma providing its precise classification and establishing its grade. A few malignant neoplasms are particularly prone to diagnostic error: acinic cell carcinoma is frequently interpreted as benign, and low-grade lymphomas are often discounted as inflammatory processes. FNA cytology is useful in avoiding surgery (inflammatory lesions) or limiting surgical procedures (benign tumours). For planning the extent of surgery of malignant parotid tumours, the histological subtype and/or grade should be determined; therefore, a histological diagnosis by frozen section analysis is required. Moreover, reliance on FNA findings at the expense of clinical, radiographic, and intraoperative findings is unwarranted. Regardless of whether FNA is used routinely or selectively in patients with parotid masses, the findings should contribute to, and not replace, the overall diagnostic impression.

Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration in parotid diagnostics

Reconstruction of nasal defects must preserve the integrity of complex facial functions and expressions, as well as facial symmetry and a pleasing aesthetic outcome. The reconstructive modality of choice will depend largely on the location, size, and depth of the surgical defect. Individualized therapy is the best course, and numerous flaps have been designed to provide coverage of a variety of nasal-specific defects. We describe our experience in the aesthetic reconstruction of nasal skin defects following oncological surgery. The use of different local flaps for nasal skin cancer defects is reported in 286 patients. Complications in this series were one partial flap dehiscence that healed by secondary intention, two forehead flaps, and one bilobed flap with minimal rim necrosis that resulted in an irregular scar requiring revision. Aesthetic results were deemed satisfactory by all patients and the operating surgeons. The color and texture matches were aesthetically good, and the nasal contour was distinct in all patients. All scars were inconspicuous and symmetrical. No patient had tenting or a flat nose.

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Attilio Carlo Salgarelli

Papers

A comparative study of different approaches in the treatment of orbital trauma: an experience based on 274 cases

Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration in parotid diagnostics

Reconstruction of nasal skin cancer defects with local flaps.

Surgical treatment of lip cancer: our experience with 106 cases.

Treatment of lower lip cancer: an experience of 48 cases.