AbstractWith the increasing energy demand in a deregulated power system, increasing load demand leads to the violation of constraints. Overloading and contingency are the major reasons for network congestion in a transmission system. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices help to relieve the congestion considering all the violation constraints. FACTS device improves the operation, transmission utilization, security, and reliability scenario in the transmission line. There is a limited literature present, which considers the economic, operation aspect and optimal location of the FACTS device. This work presents a comprehensive literature review on congestion management techniques to relieve congestion through various FACTS devices considering the practical application of FACTS, thus offering quality research opportunities. This work also explores the detailed market analysis under N-1 contingency cases with optimally allocated TCSC based on a weighted function considering voltage deviation and losses in the IEEE 30-bus system using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique.KeywordsCongestion managementContingencyFACTSTCSCUPFC 

Congestion Management Using FACTS Devices: A Review with Case Study

The Power System is a complex network of transmission lines, transformers, circuit breakers, and other components. As a result, the system must be safe and dependable from generation through distribution, with a continuous power supply required from generation to consumer end. However, several variables may disrupt the power supply regulations, resulting in system failure or collapse. When the system is functioning in a steady-state condition, the parameters Bus voltage and Frequency magnitude are kept within the level to prevent these defects and failures. This is known as power system security. The required power supply without interruptions saves our domestic equipment and increases the overall performance of the system. Some of the factors that affect our power system like Poor power quality can also cause issues with electromagnetic compatibility and noise. It can cause sophisticated protective systems to malfunction or fail, as well as key control and communication systems to malfunction or fail. Connected power demands, such as lighting, heating, and motors, are less sensitive to fluctuations in supply voltage and more sensitive to supply availability (absence of interruptions). Electronic or digital equipment, on the other hand, is more sensitive to fluctuations in supply voltages. Voltage fluctuation, harmonic distortion, voltage imbalance, flicker, supply interruptions, voltage sags, voltage swells, and transients, among other things, all have an impact on power quality. The system&#x2019;s load requirement is completed by balancing between real and reactive power. various power problems are generated in the power grid because of long power transmissions such as trees falling on line, snowfall, lightning strokes, and flooding with the equipment failure may happen. These power problems may affect the technological power devices that generated faulty distribution systems with some electrical noise. Like hissing noise, corona, and line losses also. So, from this, we prevent system failure and uninterrupted power supply by using some monitoring and controlling methods and providing fine power to our smart grid this helps us to maintain electrical power and sustainability for a reliable electrical power system. 

Static Security Assessment and Contingency Analysis for Smart Grid

Abstract All the countries are in needs of renewable energy (RE) penetration into their power system. As Bangladesh power system (BPS) depends on fossil fuel by 99% of its total generation capacity, it is very much focusing on having RE. In its Western grid, it has planned to install 55 MW wind turbine generator (WTG) and 100 MW solar photovoltaic generator (SPVG). It is expected that the system will be upset from stability perspective. To increase the power system security, contingency analysis is needed. But the power system operation parameters are always variable, with conventional load flow method, it is impossible to carry out contingency analysis according to such variations in parameters. So, this present work adopts machine learning (ML) to predict the contingency analysis by determining the performance indices (PI) with variable operating conditions in a quick time. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and extra tree (ET) methods based supervised learning will be used to predict the result for the contingency analysis. Comparison among these methods will be carried out to get the most suitable one. Also, due to RE penetration, the system will be vulnerable to voltage due to reduction in reactive power. Adoption of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) will help to reduce the voltage stress of the system. Effective location of it is very essential, so that it can enhance the voltage stability. In this paper, modal analysis technique will be used to find out the optimal location for a STATCOM and to calculate the enhancement in stability.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311916.2022.2076550?needAccess=true

Contingency analysis and adoption of STATCOM in highly renewable energy penetrated Western Grid of Bangladesh

Received Jun 28, 2021 Revised Oct 10, 2021 Accepted Dec 21, 2021 The accessibility of cloud storage over the internet as a result of cloud computing technology provides the opportunity to store, share and upload data online with the use of digital devices which can be accessed anytime and anywhere. These benefits can also be exploited by the cybercriminals to perform various criminal activities including storing and exchanging of illegal materials on cloud storage platforms. The logs of malicious usages can be obtained from the cloud service providers for forensic investigations but the privacy issue among other factors make it difficult for such logs to be shared. Therefore, there is a need to perform client-side forensics to be able to carry out forensic investigation on digital devices as related to the activities on cloud storage. This study identifies relevant artifacts that can be forensically extracted from the registry of a window 10 device that accessed iDrive cloud storage. The study explores different experimental setups for the forensic analysis and adopted an integrated conceptual digital forensic framework in the investigation process to detect relevant forensic artifacts from the registry of a windows 10 device. This study increases the knowledge of cloud storage forensics and the significance of registry analysis during digital investigations.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

As world is approaching towards the deregulated power system so daily load demand is increasing in unexpected way Voltage instability will occurs due to increment in load or with highly loaded system Security analysis of power system becomes the more imperative aspect to secure the system with concealed contingency So contingency ranking becomes the important procedure to rank the most severe line by evaluating the overall performance index (OPI) By incorporation of STATCOM in the system OPI value observed to reduce which may change the ranking of contingency but line becomes more severe This paper discusses about the severity of line by ranking the contingency with and without STATCOM Newton Raphson load flow analysis is perform to evaluate the voltage and active power performance index IEEE 24 bus system (RTS-79) is used for the testing of security by ranking the most severe lines using MATLAB

Contingency Ranking for Security Analysis of Power System Network with Incorporation of STATCOM

Electrical energy has become an essential and basic need across the world today. The demand for electrical energy has been increasing which has caused an increase in the load in unexpected ways as the world approaches deregulated power systems and yet such systems are poorly controlled. Voltage instability can occur due to unexpected increment in load in highly loaded systems. Therefore, security analysis is an important aspect in securing the power system with contingency switching. Evaluating overall performance index (OPI) is needed and crucial in controlling the power systems in such an environment. Connecting the thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) to the system provides an effective way of contingency ranking of the most severe lines by evaluating the OPI and also enhances the security of lines. The main objective of this paper is to rank the most severe line through integration of TCSC to the system. Voltage and active power performance index is evaluated using Newton’s load flow study to predict the most severe line based on the highest OPI that can further extended for analysis of security of network topology.

Atul Kumar

Papers

Contingency Ranking for Security Analysis of Power System Network with Incorporation of STATCOM

Security Analysis of System Network Based on Contingency Ranking of Severe Line Using TCSC