Men and Women of the Corporation

Sociologists who examine the issue of lesbians in American sport in the 1980s and 1990s normally found overt and covert mechanisms of social discrimination. However, homophobia has been on a rapid decline over previous decades, and studies show attitudes toward female homosexuality in sport have improved since the research conducted on lesbian athletes in the mid-1990s. This article uses data collected between that epoch and current studies to analyze athletic narratives of openly lesbian team sport athletes in 2002. We find no universal pattern for the treatment of openly lesbian athletes existed in this era of decreasing homohysteria. However, as with gay men in sport at the time, athletic capital influenced who came out, and heterosexism was prominent.

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Openly lesbian team sport athletes in an era of decreasing homohysteria

A textual analysis examined US media framing of National Basketball Association (NBA) player Jason Collins’ coming out as the first ‘active’ gay athlete in one of the four most popular US professio...

‘I am happy to start the conversation’: Examining sport media framing of Jason Collins’ coming out and playing in the NBA:

Through the lens of feminist post-structuralism, identities of sex, gender, and sexuality are socially-constructed and fluid as a result of discourse and language. From this perspective, the purpose of this paper is to examine the negotiated and often complex experiences of lesbian athletes and coaches within sport, primarily in the United States of America. After highlighting tenets of feminist post-structuralism, I posit a dominant discourse in sport, which I call the myth of the lesbian athlete. Here, myth is used as the prevalent ideologies used to validate practices of social inequality. The myth of the lesbian athlete is re/produced in the sport environment through institutional practices of exclusion, marginalization, and the silencing of sexual minorities. However, because power is reciprocal, lesbian athletes and coaches are not powerless victims. There are multiple tactics lesbian athletes and coaches use to resist and disrupt the myth of the lesbian athlete. The paper concludes with strategies to make women’s sport more inclusive for all in order to respect and value all individuals, and their identities, on the team and within the organization. The current paper adds to the existing knowledge by proposing the existence of the myth of the lesbian athlete and by re/producing and resisting the myth, creates complexities to being a lesbian in sport.

It’s Complicated: Negotiations and Complexities of Being a Lesbian in Sport

The collection and analysis of data are central to medical education and medical education scholarship. Although the technical ability to collect more data, and medical education's dependence on data, have never been greater, it is getting harder for medical schools and educational scholars to collect and use data, particularly in terms of the regulations, security issues, and growing reluctance of learners and others to participate in data collection activities. These two countervailing trends present a growing threat to the viability of medical education scholarship. In response, there must either be a more conducive data environment for medical education scholarship or medical education must move to become less dependent on data.There is, therefore, a growing need for a system-wide correction: a shift in practice that makes data use more viable and productive while maintaining high professional standards. There are five core areas that can contribute to a system-wide correction: greater clarity over what can be used as data; greater clarity on what constitutes "good" data; changes to the ways in which data are collected; better strategic stewardship of existing data; and deliberate and strategic attention to "data readiness" in support of medical education and medical education scholarship. These solutions are primarily practical and conceptual changes in the face of what are mainly regulatory challenges. However, medical educators also need to engage with emerging areas of practice such as learning analytics, and they need to consider the shifting social contract for using data in medical education.

Data, Big and Small: Emerging Challenges to Medical Education Scholarship.

Sport scholars have connected heteronormativity and heterosexism to the creation of privilege for the dominant group. They also contend that the coverage and framing of female athletes and coaches promote heteronormativity across print, broadcast, and new media. To date, research examining heteronormativity and heterosexism on university-sponsored athletics Web sites is scarce. Using framing theory, online biographies of NCAA intercollegiate head coaches of 12 conferences (N = 1,902) were examined for textual representations of heteronormativity and heterosexism. Biographies were coded based on the presence or absence of personal text—and the presence or absence of family narratives. The data demonstrate a near absence of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered coaches, suggesting that digital content of intercollegiate athletic department Web sites reproduces dominant gender ideologies and is plagued by homophobia in overt and subtle ways.

Framing With Family: Examining Online Coaches’ Biographies for Heteronormative and Heterosexist Narratives

Background: Medical education and clinical data exist in multiple unconnected databases, resulting in 3 problems: (1) it is difficult to connect learner outcomes with patient outcomes, (2) learners cannot be easily tracked over time through the education-training-practice continuum, and (3) no standard methodology ensures quality and privacy of the data. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a Medical Education Outcomes Center (MEOC) to integrate education data and to build a framework to standardize the intake and processing of requests for using these data. Methods: An inventory of over 100 data sources owned or utilized by the medical school was conducted, and nearly 2 dozen of these data sources have been vetted and integrated into the MEOC. In addition, the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile data of the University of Minnesota Medical School (UMMS) graduates were linked to the data from the National Provider Identifier (NPI) registry to develop a mechanism to connect alumni practice data to education data. Results: Over 160 data requests have been fulfilled, culminating in a range of outcomes analyses, including support of accreditation efforts. The MEOC received data on 13,092 UMMS graduates in the AMA Physician Masterfile and could link 10,443 with NPI numbers and began to explore their practice demographics. The technical and operational work to expand the MEOC continues. Next steps are to link the educational data to the clinical practice data through NPI numbers to assess the effectiveness of our medical education programs by the clinical outcomes of our graduates. Conclusions: The MEOC provides a replicable framework to allow other schools to more effectively operate their programs and drive innovation.

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Building a Medical Education Outcomes Center: Development Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted medical education. In-person classes and clinical rotations were urgently canceled, followed by a historic and unprecedented migration to online teaching. Most medical school courses were not designed to be fully online, and faculty and students are novices in the process. The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations for educators to optimize their approach to online curricular transformation. Mindful teaching online creates presences that set climate and support discourse, establish routines that build practice, model professional expectations, and challenge but support learners.

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Mindful Medical Education Online.

This chapter summarizes the relevant findings about the media portrayals of women leaders in occupations outside the sport context, media portrayal patterns of female athletes, and the scant literature of existing media portrayals of coaches. The social institution of media falls within the organizational level of the Ecological-Intersectional Model, but powerful influence of the sport/media complex affects every aspect of this model. While marginalization usually relates to the quantity of sport coverage female athletes receive, trivialization deals mainly with the quality of that coverage. Neo-homophobia as a lens provides the insights into the lack of media coverage of women coaches. Calhoun found that content creators are also complicit actors in the process, 'They help self-police, they police themselves, and they reinforce institutionalized and administrative policing. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future directions for research, what the lack of research on coach's means, and the sociocultural implications of the dearth of research on this topic.

Women in sport media : Where are the women coaches?

As of 2017, sport sociologists within North America have studied women and gender extensively. Although gender is a salient variable in sport sociology, two of the least explored topics covered over the last two decades include women in the media and women in sport leadership. This chapter offers a glimpse into who the women in the media and in leadership positions are and how they are studied. Within mass media, female athletes are woefully under-represented compared with male athletes, which has led many scholars to question and analyze the practices of gatekeeping and framing in sport media. However, scholars almost unanimously agree that, with the advent of social media, global citizens are now operating within a changing media landscape. In recent years, research has emerged on sportswomen in social media.

Austin Stair Calhoun

Papers

Framing With Family: Examining Online Coaches’ Biographies for Heteronormative and Heterosexist Narratives

Building a Medical Education Outcomes Center: Development Study.

Mindful Medical Education Online.

Women in sport media : Where are the women coaches?

Sociological perspectives of women in sport