Antenna Theory And Design

Comparative analysis of hybrid fractal antennas: A review

This paper presents a GPON FTTH access network design in the Griya Mukti Residence area serving around 214 houses. It discusses the basic components of a network and how each component contributes to the proposed FTTH network architecture. This paper calculates the link power budget, rise time budget, and bit error rate to evaluate the proposed design feasibility. This paper also calculates and compares the cost of Aerial and Duct-Aerial cable networks. The results show that the proposed FTTH design achieved all the parameters: the received power of −23.56 dBm for downlink and −23.8 dBm for uplink. For the rise time budget, the values are 0.227 ns for downlink and 0.307 for uplink. From the data above, we can conclude that this design is feasible for implementation.

Design of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) For Urban Housing of Griya Mukti Residence

Satellite communication widely uses antennas with reflectors to achieve high gain for the long-distance signal transmission. This configuration mainly consists of a feeding antenna and a parabolic reflector that should be optimized to obtain the most optimum performance. This paper investigates some factors affecting the antenna performances, especially gain, for a C-band satellite ground station, such as losses contributed by materials, efficiencies, and distance between feeder and reflector. CST Microwaves Studio is used to simulated and investigates the gain performance of the proposed antenna model. The feeder antenna is a 4x4 microstrip array antenna, which has gain and bandwidth of 13.7 dB at frequency 4.148 GHz and 3.794–4.528 GHz, respectively. The parabolic reflector diameter is 2.4 m. The analyzed parameters include gain and directivity generated by theoretical calculations and simulations. Theoretically, the maximum directivity is 39.85 dB. However, the simulated antenna gain is 31.1 dB. This reduced value is coming from the effect of efficiency, material losses, and unexpected radiation pattern from the feeding antenna. The proposed design has successfully increased the gain of 17.4 dB by combining a reflector antenna. This result still has a niche to be further improved by considering the affecting factors.

Gain Performance Analysis of A Parabolic Reflector Fed with A Rectangular Microstrip Array Antenna

The need for internet connectivity has become an important requirement in the last decade, considering that data communication (internet) is needed in almost every aspect of life today. Indonesia is inseparable from this, as happened in the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra. However, some areas on the island are not perfectly connected, and services are not yet optimal. This problem can be overcome by using optical fiber as the backbone of the network. The design of fiber optic networks in the Mentawai Islands Regency is carried out in this study to support telecommunications facilities, support the local education sector, special economic zones and integrated marine centers. A total of 9 routes connecting the sub-district offices in the Mentawai Islands Regency were proposed, using Power Link Budget and Rise Time analysis. The results showed that the Power Loss on the proposed system did not exceed the predetermined standards, respectively 28 dB and 52 dB (using an amplifier), and the Rise Time on the system was 259 ps and 1238 ps (using DCM). Therefore, the meaning of this design is following established standards and is feasible to implement.

Optical Fiber Backbone Network Design and Analysis in the Mentawai Islands

C-band satellite receiving antenna requires a high gain to reach the long-distance wireless transmission between ground station and satellite. Among various antenna types, the advantages of microstrip antennas are low profile, easy to fabricate, easy to feed, easy to incorporate with other microstrip circuit elements and integrate into systems, and easy to use in an array to increase the directivity. This paper proposes a microstrip array antenna consist of a 4×4 rectangular-shaped patch radiating element with a microstrip line feeding technique using a quarter-wavelength transformer impedance matching. The array antenna technique has the purpose of obtaining high gain and achieving greater directivities. This research considers an FR-4 Epoxy substrate in which the thickness and dielectric constant are 1.6 mm and 4.3, respectively, to deploy the antenna structure. The antenna design is simulated and parameterized by using CST Microwave Studio to obtain the most optimum performance. The result shows that the 4×4 microstrip rectangular patch array antenna has an overall gain of 13.7 dB, and from the return-loss graph shows, the working bandwidth is 734 MHz ranges from 3.794–4.528 GHz. These results indicate that the proposed antenna design is suitable and promising for C-band satellite applications.

High Gain 4×4 Microstrip Rectangular Patch Array Antenna for C-Band Satellite Applications

5G technology would provide high data rates and high-quality multimedia applications. This technology needs a broad bandwidth antenna. Among various antenna types, the hexagonal-triangular fractal antenna has advantages of compact design, low-profile material, wide-bandwidth of frequency work, and low-cost material for the antenna. This paper proposes a modified Hexagonal-triangular fractal antenna for 5G at 28 GHz and ultrawideband (UWB) application. The modification consists of a tapered feedline section, a smooth notch on the ground plane, slit on the ground plane, gap-filling on patch section, and adding a reflector. The dimension is 35×52 mm. From simulation and measurement, the proposed antenna design can work from in a range frequency of 2.4 GHz until more than 30 GHz. By combining with a planar reflector element, the obtained gain is 7.65 dB at frequency 6 GHz. The proposed antenna fulfills the frequency requirements for UWB application and 5G Application.

Hexagonal Triangular Fractal Antenna with Tapered Feedline and Reflector for 5G and UWB Applications

The development of the railroad industry in Indonesia by P.T. Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) is one of the strategic development programs for the transportation of passengers and goods. The system should also guarantee the function of the entire signaling and telecommunications equipment system. Replacement of current communication lines from coaxial with fiber-optic networks is an improvement step to obtain a reliable communication system. Fiber optic networks offer high data rates and high levels of security to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements. This paper reviews and proposes the north coast route of Java as the main route on the Java island, especially from the Bojonegoro Station to Surabaya Pasar Turi Station. The replacement design from the use of coaxial to the optical fiber is a ring configuration and one station jump in each hop. This ring configuration is anticipation if the channel has broken at one of the stations. Therefore, communication is remain guaranteed with the path in the opposite direction. From the proposed arrangement, the power link budget in this optical network design shows that the received power ranges from −13.56 ~ −17.89 dBm, which is still above the detector sensitivity level of −24 dBm. The rise time system at each station ranges from 39.91 ~ 44.55 ps with a maximum rise time system of 4501.03 ps. The Bit Error Rate analysis is 2.31 × 10−13. Based on the obtained values of those parameters, the proposed network design can guarantee that the entire signaling and telecommunications equipment system will function well.

Design and Analysis of Optical Fiber Network for Railway Communication Lines

Bandwidth capacity and high data rates improvement in Eastern Indonesia become an important aspects in empowering communities that is aimed to facilitating access to information in various sectors. The East Palapa Ring Package project was launched by the Ministry of Communication and Information to meet these needs. The design of optical fiber networks in East Nusa Tenggara Province was carried out in this study to support that project. This province is one of the area that has a high data rates needs especially for the security and tourism sector, because its territory is directly adjacent to other countries and has a high potential of tourism there. A total of 22 routes connecting districts / cities in East Nusa Tenggara were proposed by using Power Link Budget and Rise Time Analysis. From the results, it is known that the Power Loss and Dispersion Time in the proposed network do not exceed the permitted limits, which are 53 dBm and 233.33 ps respectively. Therefore, the proposed optical fiber network is in accordance with the expected and feasible targets to be carried out.

Optical Fiber Network Design in East Nusa Tenggara Based on Palapa Ring Project

Data communication between satellites and earth stations requires reliable high gain antennas. The array technique of a microstrip antenna offers advantages, such as low profile, easy to make, easy to feed, easy to be combined with other microstrip circuit elements, easy to integrate into the system, and especially increasing gain. This paper proposes a microstrip array antenna consisting of a 4x4 rectangular patch radiating element with a microstrip line feeding technique designed with quarter-wavelength transformer impedance matching. Designing and parameterization are conducted with CST Microwave Studio. The antenna is designed and fabricated on double layers of FRA Epoxy substrates where the thickness and dielectric constant are 1.6 mm and 4.3, respectively. The antenna dimension is 170 x 170 mm. The proposed antenna design has a good agreement between simulation and measurement. It can work from within the frequency range of 4.054-4.614 GHz with a bandwidth of 560 MHz. The 4x4 Microstrip Rectangular Patch Array Antenna has an overall 14.03 dB gain antenna. The proposed antenna meets the frequency requirements for C-band satellite applications.

B. Pratiknyo Adi Mahatmanto

Papers

High Gain 4×4 Microstrip Rectangular Patch Array Antenna for C-Band Satellite Applications

Hexagonal Triangular Fractal Antenna with Tapered Feedline and Reflector for 5G and UWB Applications

Design and Analysis of Optical Fiber Network for Railway Communication Lines

Optical Fiber Network Design in East Nusa Tenggara Based on Palapa Ring Project

Rectangular Configuration Microstrip Array Antenna for C-Band Ground Station