Traffic patterns in access networks have evolved from voice- and text-oriented services to video- and image-based services. This change will require new access networks that support high-speed (> 100 Mb/s), symmetric, and guaranteed bandwidths for future video services with high-definition TV quality. To satisfy the required bandwidth over a 20-km transmission distance, single-mode optical fiber is currently the only practical choice. To minimize the cost of implementing an FTTP solution, a passive optical network (PON) that uses a point-to-multipoint architecture is generally considered to be the best approach. There are several multiple-access techniques to share a single PON architecture, and the authors addressed several of these approaches such as time-division multiple access, wavelength-division multiple access, subcarrier multiple access, and code-division multiple access. Among these multiple techniques, they focus on time-division multiplexing (TDM)-PON and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-PON, which will be the most promising candidates for practical future systems. A TDM-PON shares a single-transmission channel with multiple subscribers in time domain. Then, there exists tight coupling between subscribers. A WDM-PON provides point-to-point optical connectivity using a dedicated pair of wavelengths per user. While a TDM-PON appears to be a satisfactory solution for current bandwidth demands, the combination of future data-rate projections and traffic patterns coupled with recent advances in WDM technology may result in WDM-PON becoming the preferred solution for a future proof fiber-based access network

/pdf/fiber-to-the-home-using-a-pon-infrastructure-6dxgo8zxek.pdf

Fiber to the Home Using a PON Infrastructure

For many years, passive optical networks (PONs) have received a considerable amount of attraction regarding their potential for providing broadband connectivity to almost every citizen, especially in remote areas where fiber optics can attract people to populate regions that have been abandoned. Error-free connectivity without dropouts can offer new opportunities to communicate, earn money and enjoy cultural events. Transmission speeds are multigigabit with distances of a few tens of kilometers; these specifications were previously reserved for high-speed and long-haul backbone networks. PONs can also support a new class of applications, such as accurate time transfer or distributed fiber sensing and follow new trends in open networking. An outline of past and current standards and standards that have been proposed for the latest generation of multigigabit PONs is provided.

/pdf/passive-optical-networks-progress-a-tutorial-2pqx20qpe9.pdf

Passive Optical Networks Progress: A Tutorial

This paper describes the architecture and the technical challenges for the design of a large-split and long-range Passive Optical Network (PON) intended for Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) deployment. The system, called Super-PON, can support a splitting factor of 1024 (or more but with a more complex and hence costly implementation) and a range of 100 km. The overall network capacity is 2.5 Gbps TDM downstream and 300 Mbps ATM-based TDMA upstream. As compared with already designed PON systems, the proposed Super-PON requires the introduction of optical amplifiers along the fiber paths. The presence of these optical amplifiers brings new technical challenges especially for burst mode amplification in the upstream direction of transmission. Analysis and potential solutions to solve these problems while allowing further capacity upgrades using WDM/VDMA techniques are described in this paper along with a discussion of network survivability issues.

The super-PON concept and its technical challenges

Data representing video content is distributed over a passive optical network (PON) on virtual channels that are assigned to television (TV) channels as subscribers request the TV channels and de-assigned from TV channels when subscribers are no longer viewing them. Associating and de-associating TV channels with virtual channels can be performed with very low latency by using a near-physical layer protocol, such as the Physical Layer Operation Administration and Maintenance (PLOAM) protocol.

Internet protocol video delivery in passive optical networks

We consider broadband access to advanced services including interactive video on demand (IVOD) via a radio network operating in the mm-wavelength radio spectrum (28 GHz). The LMDS (local multipoint distribution service in 27.5-28.35 GHz and 29.1-29.25 GHz bands) was suggested by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to offer broadband two-way communication including video distribution, teleconferencing and data services. It uses a cellular system design to establish coverage areas and provide high capacity communication links to the supported subscribers. A common ATM-based platform in combination with the above cellular architecture could provide the basis to integrate both wireless and wired networks and as such, it should be the preferred transport mechanism to be deployed. Given the above objective, a number of issues related to the cellular architecture and the system design are subsequently examined.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/4477/12813/00591911.pdf

Millimeter radio access to multimedia services via LMDS

Multimedia communication has become the driving force for installing broadband systems in the public network. Different alternative solutions have been presented to realise a broadband interactive access network, such as installing optical fiber or upgrading the existing copper network with ADSL for twisted pair or hybrid fiber-coax for CATV networks. Among these alternatives, optical fiber access networks are seen as the most future safe solution. Especially passive optical networks have shown to be a cost effective way to introduce fiber in the access network today. This paper presents an ATM-based passive optical network (APON) that has been installed for a video on demand (VOD) trial on Bermuda. An overview is given of the configuration of the network and of the operation of the VOD service. The basic principles of the operation of the APON access network are presented.

B. Suard

Papers

Demonstration of an ATM-based passive optical network in the FTTH trial on Bermuda