The motive for a homicide can be conceptualised from different perspectives, for instance, psychological, legal, investigative, and is often focused on the offender’s reasons for committing the homicide. As criminology often draws on theories from various disciplines, motive’s conceptualisation from study to study and comparison is difficult. This manuscript introduces a new perspective for conceptualising motive, based on the situational approach termed “homicide event motive”. Defined as the fundamental reason for the homicide and drawing on theories such as the Routine Activities Theory, Crime Pattern Theory, and Theory of Closure on Deviant Acts, this conceptualisation shifts the focus from the offender’s personal reasoning to the homicide situation itself and the elements that brought about the event. This manuscript will outline the theoretical foundations of homicide event motive.

Homicide Event Motive: A Situational Perspective

—This paper proposes a solution to the human-related information security problem of improper sharing of information by insiders with outsiders or unauthorized insiders. As opposed to most currently available solutions, this system does not rely solely on technological security measures, but proposes a mixture of social and technological solutions. The proposed system hopes to monitor users' security behavioral patterns and create behavioral profiles and thus identify users who might pose potential threats to the organization's information security. The system will further provide security education and training to identified users. The authors are currently developing the proposed system.

Internal Control of Secure Information and Communication Practices through Detection of User Behavioural Patterns

Cybercrime has increased exponentially in conjunction with the introduction and widespread use of electronic medium. This is not just confined to one area, but rather is occurring worldwide. Some progress has been made to counter this type of crime, but criminal legislation which crosses international borders is severely lagging behind. Some sort of public policy must be adopted, according to individuals, educational institutions, organizations and corporations who are interested in combating this wave of crime.

Computer Crimes: Factors of Cybercriminal Activities

Abstract While conducting research on the scene or during the entire phase of criminal prosecution, especially for the identification of the authors or settlement of the controversial circumstances, criminal profiling by a forensic psychologist will reduce the circle of suspects, as well as provide assistance in determining possible connections with other crimes and offer to judicial organs sustainable strategies for the solution of the case. In addition to identifying and processing the material traces found on the scene, concern falling strictly within forensics, in the future, efforts against criminality of the third millennium will be oriented towards the interpretation of human behaviour with criminogenic finality.

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Profiling as a logical form of reasoning in order to solve controversial circumstances on the crime scene

The law governing the admission, against a criminal accused, of what is referred to – sometimes inaccurately as “similar fact evidence” has been allowed to acquire a complexity which is not wholly justified. This complexity has arisen as the result of two errors which have operated in tandem for the best part of two centuries. The first is to regard all instances in which a criminal accused’s additional (usually prior) misdeeds are disclosed to a court as “similar fact evidence”, when in fact many such disclosures involve facts which are far from similar. The second has been the attempt to rationalise and regulate the law on such disclosure along the lines of the purpose for which it is admitted, when in fact it is best approached from the standpoint of its natural relevance to the case as a whole. This thesis corrects the first misconception, and identifies what is herein described as “similar fact evidence properly so called”. It then proceeds to a critical examination of the historical treatment, by common law courts around the world, of additional misdeeds of a criminal accused, and argues that the current state of confusion surrounding the subject is due primarily to the failure to acknowledge that relevance is the key to admissibility. This has finally been recognised in both New Zealand and Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada, in its ruling in Handy, also gave detailed guidance to all future trial judges in that jurisdiction regarding those factors which made similar fact evidence so “relevant” to an issue in a case that it should be admitted, once the potential “prejudicial effect” had been similarly identified. Handy also finally gave due recognition to the “doctrine of chances” reasoning identified by the American jurist Wigmore a century earlier. These outcomes in both New Zealand and Canada are finally fused into a proposed statutory formula for the admission of “similar fact evidence properly so called”.

A statutory formula for the admission of similar fact evidence against a criminal accused

Turvey summarises criminal profiling as 'the process of inferring distinctive characteristics of the individual offender responsible for a particular crime' (p. 1). In contrast, movies and television series readily suggest that criminal profiling is the work of chain-smoking alcoholics, tormented psychics or rookie cops plucked from the academy to solve serial murders for the FBI. Most paradigms of criminal profiling, however, require rather more logic, skills and expertise than that attributed to the fictional realm. It may,nevertheless, come as a surprise to learn that there is no governing body that regulates criminal profiling. As Turvey recognises, 'The plain truth is that many of those who refer to themselves as criminal profilers have no or little case experience, inadequate levels of training, and exist almost parasitically on the ignorance of the professional communities that profilers are intended to serve (p, xxviii). Thus, the aim of this book is twofold. Although primarily an academic text aimed at students, forensic clinicians, lawyers and detectives, underlining this work is the author's desire for criminal profiling to be regulated and afforded expert recognition. Turvey, himself a criminal profller and forensic scientist, states, 'The criminal profiting community cannot continue to play to the images portrayed in the popular media and expect to achieve professional credibility, or maintain professional integrity (p, xxx). Although the majority of the chapters in this book are by Turvey, individuals from the fields of law enforcement, information technology, along with a psychiatrist and criminalist, have each contributed to the text. The first of the 25 chapters in this book offers. 'An Overview of Criminal Profiling.' The chapter summarises aspects of serious crime investigation in the US and UK and how such cases have influenced the evolution of criminal profiling as it is today. In chapter 2 Turvey takes a brief look at media portrayals of criminal profiling, in an effort to dispel the myths that psychic abilities are utilised in such practice. Indeed, it is no coincidence that Turvey refers to the supernatural under this chapter heading, Inductive Criminal Profiling. Turvey openly acknowledges that such methods, based on subjectively formed experience, are too often based on intuition, premise and statistical argument. Chapters 3 and 4, The Deductive Method of Criminal Profiling, and Goals of the Deductive Method of Criminal Profiling, respectively, introduce the model of criminal profiling utilised by Turvey. The book subsequently progresses using a deductive perspective, where one is encouraged to approach criminal profiling through 'a process of logic, reasoning, critical thinking and argumentation' (p. 15). The process referred to by the author as behavioural evidence analysis (BEA) is the thorough examination of forensic evidence, victimology and crime scene characteristics (p, 31). Turvey views these three components as a language for crime-scene reconstruction and an expression of what occurred and how. The final step is the convergence of all the available physical and behavioural evidence and comprises the final, fully rendered criminal profile. In tum, chapters 5 to 11 lead

B. Turvey

Papers

Book Review: Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioural Evidence Analysis