Background. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder without clear etiology or well-established risk factors. Several pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the disease process have been proposed, all of which can lead to a similar phenotype of breast hypertrophy. Case. A 28-year-old Guinean woman presented at 37 weeks of gestation with bilateral gigantomastia, mastalgia, peau d’orange, and back pain. Prolactin levels were 103.3 μg/L (with a normal reference value for prolactin in pregnancy being 36–372 μg/L). The patient was treated with bromocriptine (2.5 mg twice daily), scheduled for a repeat cesarean, and referred to surgery for bilateral mammoplasty. Conclusion. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder, characterized by enlargement and hypertrophy of breast tissue. Our patient presented with no endocrine or hematological abnormalities, adding to a review of the literature for differential diagnoses, workup, and management of cases of gestational gigantomastia with normal hormone levels.

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Gestational Gigantomastia Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Gestational gigantomastia (GG) is a rare disease characterized by diffuse, extreme, and incapacitating enlargement of one or both breasts during pregnancy. Although benign, it can lead to a great social, emotional, and physical disability. A good and complete knowledge regarding this rare but distressing clinical situation is a must among all practicing physicians especially obstetricians. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of all the case reports and short case series, published in the English language in various databases in the last 40 years, i.e. 1976 to 2016 was carried out. The main aim was to provide a summary and critical analysis of all the data and evidence regarding GG published in recent years. Results: After considering all inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of fifty case reports were finally analyzed. The risk factors, geographical distribution, associated diseases, and the main treatment modalities used for GG are discussed in detail in this article. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary team effort in the form of obstetrician, plastic surgeon and anesthetist, and pediatrician is required for a successful fetomaternal outcome.

Gestational Gigantomastia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.

Bilateral gigantomastia is a rare condition, often associated with pregnancy that is characterized by a diffuse enlargement of both breasts. Here we present a case of a late 20s woman in her seven months pregnancy with a bilateral gestational gigantomastia associated with multiple breast lumps. Histological analysis revealed a fibroadenoma. Her prolactin level after caesarean delivery was found particularly high. A significant decrease in breast size was achieved with bromocriptine treatment in conjunction with a bilateral lumpectomy. This case report highlights the diversity of gigantomastia and emphasizes the importance of a tailored, multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

An Exceptional Case of Bilateral Gestational Gigantomastia With Multiple Breast Lumps

We present the case of a 20-year-old woman, primigravida with 24 weeks of amenorrhoea due to pregnancy. She came with symptoms of rapidly increasing size of both the breasts since 8 weeks. On examination, both breasts were grossly enlarged, right more than left, with the level of the nipples reaching beyond the level of the umbilicus. Breast circumference was measured to be 72 cm on the right, and left breast was 66 cm. No palpable lumps in both breasts. No axillary lymphadenopathy noted. Hormonal studies were found to be within the normal range. The pregnancy was terminated due to pre-eclampsia. The patient opted for regular follow-up and observation. While regularly following up, the size of both breasts was observed to gradually reduce to a circumference of 40 cm on the right and 30 cm on the left.

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Gestational gigantomastia with spontaneous resolution in an Indian woman.

Gigantomastia is a rare condition characterised by excessive breast growth. The pathophysiology of mammary enlargement varies depending on the type of gigantomastia: gestational, juvenile virginal, or idiopathic. The study aimed at examining the receptor status (oestrogen receptor alpha [ERα] and progesterone receptor [PR]) of breast tissue in adult women with juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia.The study involved 70 women who underwent breast reduction due to juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia. Control breast specimens were obtained from 18 female cadavers. ERα and PR expressions were detected immunohistochemically in breast gland samples.Categorised and uncategorised ERα and PR expression did not differ between women with gigantomastia and control women. It was found that in both groups weak (0–30%) ERα and PR expression was the most common. Analysis of categorised data also did not reveal any significant correlations between ERα or PR and the women’s age: for the whole group: p = 0.795 (ERα), p = 0.207 (PR), for women with gigantomastia: p = 0.934 (ERα), p = 0.43 (PR), and for control women: p = 0.638 (ERα), p = 0.805 (PR).Gigantomastia is not caused by increased expression of ERα and PR. Analysing abnormal sensitivity of these receptors to hormones may be crucial in establishing the increased risk of breast cancer in women with gigantomastia.

https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/pdf-108691-59778?filename=The role of oestrogen and.pdf

The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia

Physiological enlargement of the breasts occurs at puberty and during pregnancy. It is known as gestational gigantomastia when enlargement in pregnancy becomes excessive, uncomfortable and embarrassing. Gestational gigantomastia may have far reaching effects for the mother and fetus. This rare condition is associated with considerable morbidity but may be associated with good fetal outcome. Our case was very interesting because it was managed conservatively and postpartum there was complete spontaneous resolution.

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B U Ezem

Papers

Gestational gigantomastia with complete resolution in a Nigerian woman.