A nebulizer which pumps up water and mists the pumped up water comprises an elongated main body with a center hole for water passage, and piezoelectric vibration elements together with electrodes for energizing the same mounted on the main body. The vibration elements are water-proofed, and the nebulizer itself is supported by using a flange on a water-proof member and the flange is on a plane on which a center electrode is positioned. Upon vibration of the elements, water is pumped up through the inlet of the main body, and is dissipated into the air through the outlet of the main body. Preferably, the inlet and the outlet are removable from the main body, and the inlet is coated with a thin hard film. Preferably, the outlet is covered with a mesh, or at least an opening of the outlet is covered for preventing the release of water that has not been convereted to mist.

Ultrasonic wave nebulizer

Method and apparatus for automatically depositing predetermined reproducible amounts of nebulized samples into a furnace atomizer of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, the atomizer being provided with an aperture, wherein a plurality of sample containers containing samples to be analyzed are arranged and successively transported on a sample supporting device, with the sample containers being open at their upper ends. The samples are aspirated from the containers via a suitable means and into a nebulizer-mixing chamber device wherein they are nebulized and mixed until such time that the nebulized sample achieves full equilibrium therein. A means is provided for depositing the nebulized and now equilibrated sample from the chamber device through the aperture into the furnace atomizer. The deposition of predetermined and reproducible amounts of nebulized samples is controlled by a means which, in a preferred embodiment, comprises a vacuum source in valved communication with the means for depositing the nebulized sample in a way that aerosol deposition is effected only during the time period when the vacuum source is shut off from the means for depositing the aerosol sample by shutting off the valve. In another preferred embodiment, the means for controlling the amount of aerosol sample being deposited comprises a fluidic switch in communication with the nebulizer-mixing chamber device on the one hand and with the means for depositing the sample on the other. Hence, sample deposition takes place only during the time period when such communication from the chamber device to the deposition means is effected by the fluidic switch.

Automatic sample deposition in flameless analysis

A visible emission spectra generator for a gaseous mixture includes a 
chamber l0 for receiving the gas to be analysed, electrodes l4 and l6 
positioned externally about the chamber l0 and longitudinally disposed 
with respect to one another, an RF energy source 52 connected to the 
electrodes to establish a current therebetween for generating the 
visible emission spectra of the gaseous mixture to be analysed. The 
spectral emission is collimated by collimator 34 and a filter assembly 
36 is employed to transmit wavelengths representative of the 
components of the gas mixture to photodetector device 30 disposed 
proximate the chamber to receive the thus generated light or visible 
emission spectra. A data processing assembly 40 for evaluating the 
spectral signals received by the photodetector device and suitable 
display and/or recording assemblies 42.

Process and apparatus for analyzing a gaseous mixture and a visible emission spectrum generator therefor

A pneumatic nebulizer of the type used for aspirating a fine spray of a liquid analytical sample into the sample burner flame of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer or the like. The nebulizer comprises an atomizing venturi nozzle formed of corrosion-resistant material, the nozzle including a monolithic flexible tube having one end extending to a sample source and its other end terminating coaxially within an apertured nozzle member to define therewith an annular orifice through which high velocity gas flow occurs to aspirate sample liquid from the other end of the tube.

Corrosion-free nebulizer

A device for the individual adjustment of the intensity of several spectral lamps (1, 2), the radiation of which is combined into a common ray path (4), is distinguished by the fact that a device is provided for the modulation of the emission of each of the spectral lamps (1,2) with a different frequency, a beam-splitting mirror (8) for extraction of a part of the total radiation is inserted into the common ray path (4), a photoelectric receiver (9) is provided for the generation of an electrical signal which is proportional to the intensity of the extracted radiation, and frequency filters (11, 23) which are tuned to the modulation frequencies of the spectral lamps (1, 2) are arranged behind the photoelectric receiver (9), regulators, comprising a phase-locked loop (PLL) (12, 22), an automatic gain control (AGC) (13, 23) and a power amplifier (10, 20), for control of the intensity of the respective spectral lamp (1, 2) being allocated to the frequency filters.

Device for the individual adjustment of the intensity of several spectral lamps

An atomic absorption spectroanalysis system includes a burner for generating a flame, two radiation sources, and two pairs of radiation sensors. An optical system passes radiation from each source along a first path through the flame for sensing by a corresponding sensor to produce an I signal, and along a second path outside the flame for sensing by a corresponding second sensor to produce an Io signal. The radiation output of each source is modulated and the output signals from each sensor are demodulated and then logarithmically combined to provide two log I/Io signals. Compensation circuitry connected to the logarithmic circuit arrangement provides compensation for radiation absorption deviations of the radiation passing through the flame as a function of Beer''s Law. The system also includes circuitry for providing a zeroing adjustment of each log I/Io signal while a known standard or blank is being introduced into the flame.

Babcock Smith Jun Stanley

Papers

Atomic absorption spectroanalysis system

Fluid diffuser with fluid pressure discharge means and atomizing of material in holder

Einrichtung zur Absorptionsspektralanalyse