The book provides a comprehensive overview to understanding the integrated impact of the concepts of cellular and molecular aspects, models, environmental factors, and lifestyle involved in premature aging. Additionally, it examines how functional food, dietary nutraceuticals or pharmacological compounds can reverse inflammation and premature aging based on personalized medicine. This book is a valuable resource for health professionals, scientists and researchers, nutritionists, health practitioners, students and for all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field. * Includes models of aging, including worm, mouse and human* Explores the relationship of inflammation with diseases, including ocular health, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and muscle health* Encompasses a variety of lifestyle impacts, including diet, exercise and nutrition* Includes suggested nutritional interventions

Inflammation, advancing age and nutrition

Hypomelanosis of the skin is a frequently encountered problem in childhood, being totally innocent or representing the first sign of a multisystem disorder. Medical history, clinical examination, Wood's light investigation, histological analysis of the skin and a multidisciplinary consultation can contribute to a correct and early diagnosis of the different types of hypopigmentations. In the present paper, we present a systematic clinical approach to the differential diagnosis of those skin disorders.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4117877/file/4117938.pdf

Hypomelanoses in children.

Griscelli syndrome 2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of pigmentary dilution of hair, skin, splenohepatomegaly, pancytopenia, immune and neurologic dysfunction. Clinical course is characterized by recurrent infection triggered by uncontrolled T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation, called hemophagocytic syndrome. Since the primary presentation is with depigmented hair, we attempt to highlight diagnostic difficulties in such cases in developing countries like ours where pigmentary changes in hair and skin are commonly attributed to severe malnutrition. We also evaluated phenotype of all 10 cases of genotype (c.C550T; p.R184X), collected from published literature worldwide and emphasize the potential role of above mutation as hotspot in Southeast Asian region.

An Indian boy with griscelli syndrome type 2: Case report and review of literature

We describe in this report a case of a 6-years-old female who presented at the age of 1 month with a mucocutaneous bleeding and suspected thrombocytopenia. The patient’s condition was refractory to the known idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treatments and congenital form of Thrombocytopenia was suspected following the delivery of a male sibling with the same phenotype. The patient also manifested fair colored hair and skin relative to her family however she did not have any detectable neurologic or other immunologic abnormalities. In order to further understand this condition, we have used whole-exome sequencing of the patient’s DNA as well as her father’s with the assumption that her condition is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. We have identified a missense change c.659C>G (p.Thr220Arg) in the SBF2 (also known as MTMR13) gene that causes a mutation in the DENN domain of the protein. This mutation was validated by traditional Sanger sequencing and analyzed in the remaining family members were it was found to segregate in the homozygous state in the affected siblings and in the heterozygous state in both parents. This novel mutation in the DENN domain of SBF2 maybe interfering with its putative association with the Rab family of small GTPases which are important mediators of vesicle transport and membrane trafficking. In conclusion, we have identified a novel mutation that is associated with severe thrombocytopenia. The fact that this mutation is found in SBF2 gene may indicate that the underlying cause of thrombocytopenia in our patient is either a new variant form of Griscelli syndrome (through the Rab GTPases action) or a variant Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4 disease as SBF2 truncating mutations were previously identified in sufferers of this disease. This finding will help to accurately diagnose and classify similar cases of congenital thrombocytopenia and provide further proof to the power of whole-exome sequencing in personalizing patients management from the point of diagnosis to treatment and followup.

Identification of a novel SBF2 missense mutation associated with a rare case of thrombocytopenia using whole-exome sequencing.

Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder that presents with pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, neurologic problems, hypogammaglobulinemia, and variable cellular immunodeficiency. Three mutations have been described in different phenotypes of the disease. In most of cases, GS leads to death in the first decade of life. In this article, we report a one-year-old child with type 2 GS who suffers from pigmentation disorder and hypogammaglobulinemia.

/pdf/griscelli-syndrome-a-case-report-15q1y1j61o.pdf

Griscelli syndrome: a case report.

Silvery hair is a rare clinical manifestation which is a common presentation in a group of rare syndromes which usually present in the pediatric age group together termed as "silvery hair syndrome," consisting of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), Griscelli syndrome (GS), and Elejalde disease. CHS is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is characterized by mild pigment dilution (partial oculocutaneous albinism), silvery blond hair, severe phagocytic immunodeficiency, bleeding tendencies, recurrent pyogenic infections, progressive sensory or motor neurological defects. GS is also a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by reduced skin pigmentation, often regarded as partial albinism and silvery grey hair combined with immunodeficiency. To make correct diagnosis and to differentiate between CHS and GS, it requires light microscopic examination of skin and hair shafts, immunological and peripheral blood smear evaluation. They have been reported to be associated with some common clinical association as a part of the syndrome due to pigmentary delusion, neurological dysfunction, and severe life-threatening infections due to neutrophil phagocytosis dysfunction. There are reports of few rare associations and varied presentations and variable mean survival age. We report two cases with common presentation of silvery hair but varied systemic and clinical manifestations and survival in two cousin brothers from the same family.

Balaji M Babu

Papers

Silvery hair syndrome in two cousins: Chediak-Higashi syndrome vs griscelli syndrome, with rare associations