Host resistance to neoplastic growth and invasiveness is recognized to be an important factor in determining the occurrence, the progress, and the eventual outcome of every cancer illness. The factors involved in host resistance are briefly reviewed, and the relationship between these factors and ascorbic acid metabolism is presented in detail. It is shown that many factors involved in host resistance to neoplasia are significantly dependent upon the availability of ascorbate.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/39/3/663.full.pdf

Ascorbic acid and cancer: a review

The relationships among and the properties of the pyruvate kinase isozymes are reviewed, emphasizing their potential role in carcinogenesis. Particular consideration is given to evaluation of the concept that the three major nonreadily interconvertible forms are the products of distinct genes, the relationship of these forms to additional separable forms of pyruvate kinase, the types and possible functions of interconvertible forms of the major isozymes, and mechanisms affecting the genetic expression of the isozymes. Emphasis is placed upon the apparent derepression of the fetal isozyme in hepatomas and the influence of neoplasms and their extracts on the expression of pyruvate kinase in the liver of host animals.

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Interrelationships and functions of the pyruvate kinase isozymes and their variant forms: a review.

In 1971 we published a tabulation of G6PD variants which had been reported up to August of 1970. A supplementary table, including all variants known through the end of 1972, was published in 1973. These two tables include 88 variants which have been fairly completely characterized and appear to be distinct, and more than 30 variants for which insufficient information is available or their uniqueness is questionable. We now present a new supplementary table including variants known to us from 1973 through April 1977. In addition, some variants which were inadvertently omitted from the previous tabulation, and some variants for which new data were reported, are included. Erroneous data given to G6PD Long Prairie in tlhe previous supplement are corrected. The variants are divided into the following classes: Class 1. Enzyme deficiency with chronic non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia. Class 2. Severe red cell enzyme deficiency (less than 10 % of normal) but usually not associa-

Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants: a supplementary tabulation.

The genetic system of the L-type pyruvate kinase forms in man. Subunit structure, interrelation and kinetic characteristics of the pyruvate kinase enzymes from erythrocytes and liver.

Isozyme patterns of 23 different enzymes were compared in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues; in MCF-7 cells; and in organoids of normal human breast tissue. Benign lesions generally showed isozyme patterns similar to those of normal tissues. Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 5 was significantly increased in malignant tumors; MCF-7 cells had only lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.27). The mitochondrial form of malate dehydrogenase was also significantly increased in human malignant tumors; this was especially evident when comparing tumor and apparently uninvolved breast tissue from the same patient. The K4 isozyme of pyruvate kinase was the major form in most malignant breast tumors, but in only 41% of normal tissues, 30% of fibrocystic disease specimens, and 46% of fibroadenomas. A more anodal band of pyruvate kinase, probably a K3M or K3Kpm hybrid, predominated in most normal and benign tissues, but in only 63% of primary and 56% of secondary tumors. All specimens had predominantly creatine kinase BB, aldolase A4, and hexokinase I. Traces of aldolase A3C and of hexokinase II were observed in some tumors. None of the tumors had the Regan variant of alkaline phosphatase. The isozymes of lactate and malate dehydrogenases and of pyruvate kinase appear to be the most promising as putative tumor markers.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/43/12_Part_1/5895.full.pdf

Balinsky D

Papers

Comparative kinetic study of human pyruvate kinases isolated from adult and fetal livers and from hepatoma.

G6PD kuanyama: a new variant of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showing slower than normal electrophoretic mobility.

Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in rat hepatoma induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.