XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

This article presents an introduction to the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM states that the perception of a personal health behavior threat is influenced by at least three factors: general health values, interest and concern about health; specific beliefs about vulnerability to a particular health threat; and beliefs about the consequences of the health problem. Once an individual perceives a threat to his health and is simultaneously cued to action, if his perceived benefits outweighs his perceived costs, then the individual is most likely to undertake the recommended preventive health action. Key words: health promotion, health belief model, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy. Content available only in Romanian.

Health Belief Model

Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study

Modelação e previsão do efeito do frio extreme na saúde da população: a base para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta em tempo real

https://repositorio.insa.pt/bitstream/10400.18/3525/1/AVC%20Incid%c3%aancia.pdf

Acidente Vascular Cerebral: evolução e tendência da taxa de incidência na população sob observação da rede Médicos-Sentinela de 1990 a 2012

_Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Gripe

Background 

Health Examination Surveys (HES) were interview data is complemented with objective information from physical examination and laboratory analysis, provide more accurate health indicators than self-reported data. Here we report the study design, planning and implementation of the First Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF) developed during 2014-2015.

Methods 

INSEF was developed as a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Development …

/pdf/the-first-portuguese-national-health-examination-survey-2015-1kryipbh22.pdf

Baltazar Nunes

Papers

Modelação e previsão do efeito do frio extreme na saúde da população: a base para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta em tempo real

Acidente Vascular Cerebral: evolução e tendência da taxa de incidência na população sob observação da rede Médicos-Sentinela de 1990 a 2012

_Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Gripe

The first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (2015): design, planning and implementation

Em casa, pelo telefone, observamos saúde : descrição e avaliação de uma metodologia: relatório