The high versatility of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) can be explained by its diverse properties including its solubility in water and in a broad range of liquid media, high chemical and thermal resistance, and unique wetting, binding, and film-forming properties. Thanks to biocompatibility, absence of toxicity and high capacity to form interpolymer complexes, PVP is widely used for designing materials for different applications, such as biomaterials for medical and nonmedical uses. This review summarizes a vast diversity of applicative examples showing the tremendous opportunities for future research and developments of PVP based biomaterials.

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) – A Versatile Polymer for Biomedical and Beyond Medical Applications

Preparation of antibiofouling polyethersulfone mixed matrix NF membrane using photocatalytic activity of ZnO/MWCNTs nanocomposite

https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/60491473/Accepted_Manuscript_1_s2.0_S1385894717317837_main.pdf

High flux and fouling resistant flat sheet polyethersulfone membranes incorporated with graphene oxide for ultrafiltration applications

Copper oxide nanomaterials: Synthesis, characterization and structure-specific antibacterial performance

During last few decades, membrane technology has emerged as an efficient technique over conventional methods due to its high removal capacity, ease in operation and cost effectiveness for wastewater treatment and production of clean water. Membrane based separations are commonly based on polymeric membranes because of their higher flexibility, easily pore forming mechanism, low cost and smaller space for installation as compared to inorganic membranes. Commonly employed membrane fabrication phase inversion method has been shortly reviewed in this article. Major limitation of membrane based separations is fouling and polymeric membranes being hydrophobic in nature are more prone to fouling. Fouling is a deposition of various colloidal particles, macromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins), salts etc. on membrane surface and within pores thus impedes membrane performance, reduces flux and results in high cost. Modification of polymeric membranes due to its tailoring ability with nanomaterials such as metal based and carbon based results in polymeric nano-composite membranes with high antifouling characteristics. Nanomaterials impart high selectivity, permeability, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties to polymeric membranes via blending, coating etc. modification methods. Characterization techniques has also discussed in later section for studying morphological properties and performance of polymer nano-composite membranes.
Graphical Abstract

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A Comprehensive Review on Polymeric Nano-Composite Membranes for Water Treatment

This study reports the fabrication of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane using the phase inversion method in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 40K) as pore-forming agent. The membranes were made from two PES concentration types, i.e. 16 and 18 wt.%. The effect of high molecular weight PVP concentration (2–10%) was examined in order to obtain a membrane with good performance, i.e. high water flux and reasonable Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, protein model solution) rejection. The optimised membranes were characterised by ATR-FTIR, AFM, SEM, contact angle and dead-end membrane filtration tests. It was found that PVP moieties have positive influence in the prepared PES membranes. SEM surface and cross-sectional images were used to observed morphological changes as PVP content was varied. The pore sizes increased with PVP content for membranes prepared from 16 wt.% PES polymer, whereas at the higher PVP content in 18 wt.% PES membrane, pore sizes tend to decrease or completely disappear. The CA decreased gradually for the 16 wt.% PES with increasing PVP content whereas in the 18 wt.% PES the CA decreased initially before tapering off or increasing slightly. The rejection of BSA solution by both neat PES and PVP-containing PES membrane was above 85%. AFM surface topography exhibited increase in roughness value with PVP content. FTIR/ATR spectra corroborated the functional composition of neat PES and PVP molecule dispersed on PES membrane backbone. The results attained confirmed the potential industrial application of PVP molecule to minimise fouling tendencies.

Preparation of antifouling polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 40K) modified polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for water purification

A series of MgO nanoparticles were prepared by first precipitating and isolating Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles from Mg(NO3)2 at three different temperatures using NaOH followed by their thermal decomposition also at three temperature settings The effects of temperature at which precipitation and thermal decomposition of the hydroxide occurred were studied to assess their influence on nanoparticle size and surface area The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using a suite of techniques including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis The average diameter range of MgO nanoparticles ranged between 15 and 35 nm, while for the precursor Mg(OH)2 it varied between 28 and 45 nm The nanoparticle surface area obtained from BET studies was found in all cases to increase from 77 to 1064 m2/g with increasing temperature of precipitation Antibacterial activities of the prepared Mg(OH)2 and MgO nanoparticles were evaluated against the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, using agar diffusion method A correlation between surface area and antibacterial activity supported the mechanism of bacterial inactivation as the generation of reactive species The Mg(OH)2 and MgO nanoparticles both exhibited pronounced bactericidal activity towards the Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria as indicated by the extend of the zone of inhibition around the nanoparticle

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/JBNB_2013101713521760.pdf

Effects of Precipitation Temperature on Nanoparticle Surface Area and Antibacterial Behaviour of Mg(OH) 2 and MgO Nanoparticles

Chemical Grafting of Polystyrene Sodium Sulfonate (PSS) onto Polyethersulfone (PES) Powder and Effect on the Characteristics of the Resultant Ultrafiltration Membranes

Abstract C18H16O3N4Re, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.8409(6) Å, b = 14.0933(9) Å, c = 13.9153(9) Å, β = 90.558(2)°, V = 1929.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0266, wRref(F2) = 0.0584, T = 100(2) K.

/pdf/the-crystal-structure-of-fac-tricarbonyl-4-4-dimethyl-2-2-59968bo35h.pdf

The crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl(4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridyl-κ2N,N′)- (pyrazole-κN)rhenium(I) nitrate, C18H16O3N4Re

Graphene and its derivatives have got increasingly application interests emanating from its unique properties. This work reports silver-graphene oxide sheets (Ag-GO) composite synthesis and then incorporated into Polyethersulfone (PES) casting solution. The composite casting mixtures were cast via phase inversion method. Graphene and its derivatives were characterised by ATR/FTIR, Raman, XRD and TEM. The morphology and performance of the neat PES and composite PES membranes were characterised by SEM, AFM, CA, permeation flux, protein (BSA) rejection, antifouling and antibacterial tests. The composite membranes exhibited a slightly higher permeation flux and then gradual decreased compared to neat PES membranes. However, the antifouling tests revealed that the composite membranes with Ag particles showed a preferable antifouling performance. The antibacterial tests confirmed that the composite membranes exhibited a effective antibacterial performance against both gram-positive ( E. coli ) and gram-negative ( S. Aureus ) strains.

/pdf/development-of-ag-go-incorporated-onto-pes-membrane-with-3o1cphmfvf.pdf

Banele Vatsha

Papers

Preparation of antifouling polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP 40K) modified polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for water purification

Effects of Precipitation Temperature on Nanoparticle Surface Area and Antibacterial Behaviour of Mg(OH) 2 and MgO Nanoparticles

Chemical Grafting of Polystyrene Sodium Sulfonate (PSS) onto Polyethersulfone (PES) Powder and Effect on the Characteristics of the Resultant Ultrafiltration Membranes

The crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl(4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridyl-κ2N,N′)- (pyrazole-κN)rhenium(I) nitrate, C18H16O3N4Re

Development of Ag/GO Incorporated onto PES Membrane with Improved Anti-Fouling Property