Occupational therapy theory, practice and research has increasingly emphasized the transactional relationship between person, environment and occupation. Occupational performance results from the d...

The Person-Environment-Occupation Model: A Transactive Approach to Occupational Performance

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Problem-Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education

Purpose. Although participation is an important construct and valued goal, how it is conceptualized, defined and measured varies widely. This qualitative, multi-site study sought to gain an insider perspective from people with disabilities in grounding what participation means, how to characterize it, and the barriers and supports to participation.Method. Sixty-three people self-identifying with diverse disabilities participated in qualitative focus groups across sites.Results. Participants conceptualized participation as a cluster of values that included active and meaningful engagement/being a part of, choice and control, access and opportunity/enfranchisement, personal and societal responsibilities, having an impact and supporting others, and social connection, inclusion and membership.Conclusions. No gold standard for ideal or optimal participation emerged; no one defined set or frequency of activities accounted for ‘full’ participation. Participants described needing to be free to define and pursue p...

https://www.ilota.org/assets/documents/Conference/2014Presentations/keynote%20handout%203.pdf

What does participation mean? An insider perspective from people with disabilities

Backround. It has been 13 years since the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was published. In that time there has been a remarkable growth in its acceptance as an outcome measure within the occupational therapy practice and research. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to review the emerging research and clinical literature related to the COPM since 1994 and to document its impact upon occupational therapy practice and research throughout the world. Method. A systematic search was conducted to the professional and research literature in English publications (primarily occupational therapy). Eighty-eight papers that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed, 86% of which examined the COPM in relation to its psychometric properties (19 papers), research outcomes (33 papers) or practice (33 papers). Results. Overall, although there are a few limitations discussed in the review, the conclusion is that the COPM is a valid, reliable, clinically useful and responsive outcome measure acceptable fo...

The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: A research and clinical literature review.

by disclosing that she lectured to occupational therapy students, the respondents may have partially shaped their accounts to legitimise her interests and role. Regarding recommended further work, interviews would allow more detailed inquiry into these women's life histories, particularly to explore their initial motivation to try a craft activity following illness or diagnosis, because this could be of value to occupational therapists conceptualising treatment options. Many studies have examined how individuals with a common illness (such as multiple sclerosis) cope. This study has, instead, taken a shared coping activity and examined its role in the life of individuals with a variety of chronic conditions. Although comprising many adaptable and varied elements, some common benefits emerge, particularly restoring selfesteem and relief from negative emotions. The activity seems potent on several psychological levels. Many of the respondents described discovering (or re-discovering) needlecraft in their adult years, which suggests that adults can be open to innovations in their leisure pursuits. This may provide occupational therapists with further confidence that craftwork introduced to clients may have longterm therapeutic value. These accounts also indicate that the potential of leisure counselling to help those newly diagnosed with a chronic illness should be further investigated.

Book Review: Enabling Occupation: An Occupational Therapy Perspective:

Occupational therapy focuses on complex dynamic relationships between people, occupations and environments. Therapists must clearly communicate their practices and how their practice influences outcomes. This paper explores applications of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model (Law et al., 1996) in occupational therapy practice, and delineates how this particular model helps therapists to conceptualize, plan, communicate and evaluate occupational performance interventions. Three case studies illustrate how the model can be used by occupational therapists to systematically approach analysis of occupational performance issues while considering the complexities of human functioning and experience. The ways in which the model facilitates communication within and outside occupational therapy are explained. The Person-Environment-Occupation Model is offered as a tool for therapists to use in client(s)-therapist alliances to enable clients to successfully engage in meaningful occupations in chosen environments.

Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model: a practical tool.

Occupational therapists have begun to recognize the importance of considering how the environment influences occupational performance. Models of person-environment fit provide a theoretical context within which occupational therapists can consider the influence of the environment on function. The challenge for occupational therapists is to select assessments that incorporate concepts of person-environment fit. However, limited awareness of appropriate environmental assessments that have undergone psychometric testing has limited their introduction into clinical practice. This paper reviews 41 environmental assessments and considers each in terms of its purpose, environmental attribute, environmental application, clinical utility, instrument development, and psychometric testing. A case example illustrates the applicability to the practice of occupational therapy.

Person-environment assessments in occupational therapy.

Structured interviews were used to evaluate the impact of electronic aids to daily living (EADL) on functional abilities and psychosocial well-being. The participants included 32 adults (26 men, 6 women; mean age of 39 years) with cervical spinal cord injuries. The experiences of 16 EADL users were compared with a control group of 16 nonusers, using the Functional Autonomy Measuring Scale, the Lincoln Outcome Measures for Environmental Controls, and the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale. Results show EADL users had significantly better performance (p < .05) than nonusers for instrumental activities of daily living and for 75% of 12 daily tasks. Many non-users had hands-free control of phones only, whereas EADL users had control over many other household devices, which optimized their independence. The psychosocial impact of this technology was very positive for competence, adaptability, and self-esteem. In conclusion, functional abilities were greater for a variety of daily tasks, and psychosocial impact was positive when EADLs were used.

Impact of electronic aids to daily living on the lives of persons with cervical spinal cord injuries.

Occupational therapy, with its core belief in the occupational needs of individuals, facilitates independent and meaningful activity. When clients become elderly, frail and subject to multiple path...

Barbara Acheson Cooper

Papers

The Person-Environment-Occupation Model: A Transactive Approach to Occupational Performance

Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation Model: a practical tool.

Person-environment assessments in occupational therapy.

Impact of electronic aids to daily living on the lives of persons with cervical spinal cord injuries.

Occupation as a Quality of Life Constituent: A Nursing Home Perspective: