https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1214300.pdf

Effects of nutrient media, different cytokinin types and their concentrations on in vitro multiplication of G × N15 (hybrid of almond × peach) vegetative rootstock

The role of nitrogen (N) supplied as inorganic ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), and organic glutamine on shoot regeneration, incidence of hyperhydricity and production of good quality shoots in Aloe polyphylla explants was investigated. The omission of total N from the culture medium resulted in low proliferation and hindered shoot growth. Ammonium as the sole source of N depressed shoot regeneration and growth and escalated the frequency of hyperhydricity to ca. 50%. When NO3− was used as the sole N source, shoots of good quality were produced and hyperhydricity was completely eliminated. Overall, the MS N combination was superior to any single N source for proliferation and growth of shoots, suggesting a synergistic effect between NH4+ and NO3− on shoot regeneration. Moreover, the relative amounts of NH4+ and NO3− also influenced the parameters tested. The highest regeneration was obtained with NH4+:NO3− ratios (mM) of 20:40, 30:30 and 40:20. Decreasing the ratio of NH4+:NO3− lowered the incidence of hyperhydricity. This study also demonstrates the potential of glutamine as the sole source of N, since its application resulted in the production of good quality shoots and almost no hyperhydricity.

Nitrogen source, concentration, and NH4+:NO3− ratio influence shoot regeneration and hyperhydricity in tissue cultured Aloe polyphylla

A regeneration system was developed for Prunus serotina from a juvenile (F) and two mature genotypes (#3 and #4). Adventitious shoots regenerated from leaves of in vitro cultures on woody plant medium with thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best regeneration for genotype F (91.4%) was observed on medium with 9.08 μM TDZ and 1.07 μM NAA. The highest mean number of shoots (8.2) was obtained on medium containing 9.08 μM TDZ and 0.54 μM NAA. Genotype #3 had the highest regeneration (41.7%) with a mean number of shoots (4.8) on 9.08 μM TDZ and 1.07 μM NAA, whereas genotype #4 had a 38.8% regeneration with a mean of 3.3 shoots. Genotype #4 had the highest mean number of shoots (4.8) on 4.54 μM TDZ and 1.07 μM NAA. Silver thiosulphate at 60 or 80 μM increased the percent regeneration of the mature genotypes #3 (75%) and #4 (58%). Adventious shoots were rooted (70–76%) and rooted plantlets survived after acclimatization to the greenhouse. The effect of kanamycin concentration on adventitious shoot regeneration was also evaluated.

https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2008/nrs_2008_liu-x_001.pdf

Plant regeneration from in vitro leaves of mature black cherry ( Prunus serotina )

A complete regeneration protocol was developed for Prunus serotina Ehrh., an important hardwood species for timber and sawlog production in the central and eastern United States. Nodal sections were cultures on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.49 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.29 µM gibberellic acid (GA3). In vitro leaf explants of three genotypes were placed on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0, 2.27, 4.54, or 6.81 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 0, 0.54, 1.07, or 5.37 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and on WPM supplemented with 0, 4.44, 8.88, or 13.32 µM BA in combination with 0, 0.54, 1.07, or 5.37 µM NAA. Cultures were maintained either in continuous darkness for 5 weeks, or in the dark for 3 weeks and then transferred to a 16-hour photoperiod. TDZ and the genotype had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated. The maximum mean number of shoots regenerated per explant (5.05 +/- 1.14) was obtained with 2.27 µM TDZ plus 0.54 µM NAA with the 3-week dark period then light treatment. The highest percent shoot regeneration (38.3) and the mean number of shoots (4.13 +/- 0.97) was obtained with 6.81 µM TDZ plus 1.07 µM NAA. The highest rooting (27%) of adventitious shoots and number of roots per shoot (2.3 +/- 0.2) was obtained with 2.5 µM IBA when shoots were maintained for 7 days in the dark on rooting medium before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. The highest rooting (70%) of nodal explant-derived stock cultures and number of roots per shoot (2.7 +/- 0.9) was also obtained with 2.5 µM IBA, but when shoots were maintained for 4 days in the dark before transfer to a 16-hour photoperiod. In total, 86% of the plantlets survived acclimitization to the greenhouse and 100% survival after overwintering in cold-storage.

/pdf/adventitious-shoot-regeneration-and-rooting-of-prunus-17dawdap8s.pdf

Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Prunus serotina In Vitro Cultures

Improving knowledge of plant tissue culture and media formulation by neurofuzzy logic: a practical case of data mining using apricot databases.

Leaf explants of plum ‘Wegierka Zwykla’ were cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with 7.5 µM TDZ (thidiazuron) and 0.9 µM 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), with the addition of either sucrose or glucose at a concentration of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 6% (w/v). Regeneration was carried out in two steps: the first in darkness, the second in photoperiod conditions after subculture onto fresh medium. The study assessed the influence of the kind of sugar used and its concentration in the medium on organogenesis efficiency, and on sugar uptake from the medium. The results suggest that sucrose is a better carbon source than glucose for organogenesis of ‘Wegierka Zwykla’, even though at lower concentrations the efficiency of the sugars was comparable. With increasing concentration of sugars, the efficiency of organogenesis decreased, a relation more evident for media with glucose. In the first (dark) step of regeneration, the explants utilised less carbohydrates from the media than in the second step, when the main increase of explant weight took place. In the second phase, at 2–5% concentrations glucose uptake was higher than sucrose uptake.

Sugar Uptake and Utilisation during Adventitious Bud Differentiation on in Vitro Leaf Explants of ‘Wegierka Zwykła’ Plum (Prunus Domestica)

The effect of different ammonium NH
 4
 +
 and nitrate NO
 3
 −
 ratios (4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6) on organogenesis of ‘Wegierka Zwykla’ leaf explants cultivated on media with nitrogen levels equalling full- or half-MS was investigated. On media with total nitrogen equal to ½ MS, explant regeneration increased significantly and was highest on media with 1:2 or 1:4 NH
 4
 +
 :NO
 3
 −
 ratio. An excess of ammonium versus nitrate ions had a negative effect on both regeneration and biomass. Addition of potassium to the medium increased the fresh weight of explants and the number of adventitious buds.

The effect of total inorganic nitrogen and the balance between its ionic forms on adventitious bud formation and callus growth of ‘Węgierka Zwykła’ plum ( Prunus domestica L.)

Barbara Nowak

Papers

Sugar Uptake and Utilisation during Adventitious Bud Differentiation on in Vitro Leaf Explants of ‘Wegierka Zwykła’ Plum (Prunus Domestica)

The effect of total inorganic nitrogen and the balance between its ionic forms on adventitious bud formation and callus growth of ‘Węgierka Zwykła’ plum ( Prunus domestica L.)