Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan Vol. 13, No. 2, September 2011. Tersedia online di http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/man/article/viewFile/18329/18174

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Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Niat Kewirausahaan (Entrepreneurial Intention) (Studi Terhadap Mahasiswa Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga)

This research paper examines the status of entrepreneurship education in selected South African secondary schools to determine the impact thereof on young learners’ attitude towards entrepreneurship and their future plans. It highlights some challenges facing youth entrepreneurship development in Sedibeng secondary schools. The study is based on the attitude approach to entrepreneurship research and discusses the results of an empirical study involving 1 748 grade 10 learners. South African youth appear to have a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship and the existence of opportunities for new venture creation, but seem to have inflated expectations with respect to their future academic qualifications and less interest than would be expected in starting their own businesses. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that entrepreneurship education in the sample schools was largely infrequent and without depth or focus. The results indicated that catalytic factors, such as exposure to entrepreneurship at school and having self-employed parents, have not had any effect on learners in the sample, thus re-emphasising the urgent need for entrepreneurship training programmes of value. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research on entrepreneurship education in South African secondary schools.

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An investigation into youth entrepreneurship in selected South African secondary schools: an exploratory study

This paper examines the impact of motivation (i. e., "need for achievement") and, personality traits (i. e., "individualism/collectivism", "introversion/extraversion") on entrepreneurial potential (EP). The study draws on a sample of 503 students enrolled in business courses at a university in the United Arab Emirates. Statistical analysis reveals that need for achievement is the most significant determinant of entrepreneurial potential. Extraversion is also significantly related to entrepreneurial potential. Statistical examination of interactions (i. e., combined effects) of variables reveals that entrepreneurial potential is explained by the interactive effects of need for achievement, extraversion and collectivism. Surprisingly, and contrary to general expectations, greater entrepreneurial potential is not explained by individualistic aspirations, nor is it found to be gender-related. Practical and theoretical implications of the main findings are discussed.

Need for achievement, personality and entrepreneurial potential: a study of young adults in the united arab emirates

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between individualism/collectivism (as personal traits) and individuals’ potential to become an entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on a sample of 503 students enrolled in business courses at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It focusses on the concept of Entrepreneurial Potential (EP) as a measure of “desirability and inclination” to start a business. The paper tests the hypothesis that the concepts of individualism and collectivism are not necessarily polar ends of the same continuum and examine their impacts on EP, controlling for age and gender as main demographic characteristics. Four main hypotheses are explored. Findings – Statistical analysis confirms the two main hypotheses. They reveal that: first, concomitant with the dominant collectivist values at national level, potential future entrepreneurs evolving in the Middle East/Gulf region endorse personal traits of a predominantly collectivist ...

Does collectivism necessarily negate the spirit of entrepreneurship

iii many of the country’s ills by empowering the youth to take both charge of and responsibility for their own future. The concomitant discussion shows that the ‘genie’ is held firmly in the confines of its ‘bottle’ by barriers obstructing the free flow of an enterprising spirit, confirming that the release of an enterprising spirit among South Africans faces many obstacles to be overcome before the ‘genie’ can be released successfully to work its ‘magic’. The concept of entrepreneurship education is examined to determine whether it is a reality or a myth. The discussion concludes that entrepreneurship is indeed a learnt phenomenon – it can be taught successfully. It is put forward that it can only be deemed a reality to the extent in which measurable evidence of its positive impact on learners exists. This conclusion sets the tone for the empirical research in later chapters by questioning the capacity for effective entrepreneurship education in South Africa. The empirical research conducted for this study includes a pilot study and a national main study focused on examining the impact of entrepreneurship training on young learners in South African secondary schools. It is based upon the attitudinal and intentional approaches to entrepreneurship research and employs six validated entrepreneurship surveys suitable for use with young individuals to respectively measure entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, general enterprising tendencies, subjective personal wellbeing, adaptive cognition and innovation skills. A total of 342 learners from secondary schools in the Harrismith region (Free State province) participated in the pilot study, followed by 898 respondents in the pre-testing phase and 751 in the post test phase of the AEG-3 main study and 910 respondents in the pre-testing phase and 749 in the post test phase of the PMY-3 main study. Participants in the main study originated from seven of the nine provinces of South Africa and were mainly female black Africans aged 15 to 17 years attending grades 10 and 11 at secondary schools. The datasets gathered from both the AEG-3 and PMY-3 studies were subjected to extensive statistical analyses by Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University (Potchefstroom campus). The results lead to the conclusion that the Mini-Enterprise Programme (MEP) of Junior Achievement South Africa (JASA) did not have any visible or practically significant impact on the entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions,

An assessment of the impact of entrepreneurship training on the youth in South Africa

Introduction Research shows that the success of an entrepreneurial individual has often been correlated with his/her personality type (Markman & Baron, 2003). Due to the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entrepreneurs, research dealing with specifics, such as the significance of personality types and the potential ICT entrepreneur, has largely been ignored. There is a need to identify potential ICT entrepreneurs, as entrepreneurship can allow limited resources to be utilised effectively, increasing job creation within an economy. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in creating competitive advantage for organisations and thus facilitating their survival and growth (Chen, Zhu, & Anquan, 2005; Echols & Neck, 1998). This is true for all areas of the world including Africa. Fick (2002, p3) states that, "While there are often huge differences in their climate, culture, and traditions and in their political and economic systems, countries in Africa are often confronted by similar problems and challenges." In an investigation into problems facing small-to-medium sized enterprises in achieving growth in a province of South Africa, Sha (2006) highlights weaknesses in innovation and entrepreneuship among others. The objectives of this research are: * To find a means of identifying potential entrepreneurs. * To determine whether there is a significant correlation between a specific personality type/temperament and the aptitude of individuals to being ICT entrepreneurs. * To identify the most prominent traits and temperaments of potential ICT entrepreneurs. * To determine if there is a significant correlation between potential ICT entrepreneurs and gender. The report attempts to identify potential entrepreneurs through their personality type/temperament. Participants were 3rd and 4th year Information System students at the University of Cape Town and young entrepreneurs in the ICT industry. The paper reviews literature that covers: entrepreneurs, information and communication technology (ICT), personality testing, personality types, and gender issues relating to entrepreneurship. This is followed by an overview of the objectives of this research and the methodologies used to accomplish these objectives. Analysis of the data follows, and the derived findings are reported. Finally, the report discusses the conclusions identified in the findings, and makes recommendations for further research. Background Typically, an entrepreneur will discover an opportunity, marshal resources, and organise these into a venture that offers some innovation into the market. Entrepreneurs essentially act as agents for change and wealth creation (Rwigema & Venter, 2004). Entrepreneurs face many significant challenges, not the least of which is generating or recognising ideas that have the potential to be developed into appealing goods and services. Successful ideas are often a balance between novelty and familiarity (Ward, 2004). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entrepreneurs are a new variation of the traditional entrepreneur. Deo (2005) defines an entrepreneur from two different viewpoints: that of an economist and a psychologist: 1. "To an economist, an entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labour, materials and other assets into combinations that makes their value greater than before, and also one who introduces changes, innovations, and a new order." 2. "To a psychologist, such a person is typically driven by certain forces-the need to obtain or attain something, to experiment, to accomplish, or perhaps to escape the authority of others." This paper focus on the psychological viewpoint. While entrepreneurs have much in common, they also differ widely. There is no single set of attitudes and behaviours that every entrepreneur must have. …

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Identifying Student Potential for ICT Entrepreneurship Using Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicators

Literature relating to personality and entrepreneurship focused largely on the personality characteristics of general entrepreneurs. The focus of a study done in South Africa was on personality characteristics and temperaments of potential Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entrepreneurs. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and usefullness of using personality characteristics to identify potential ICT entrepreneurs. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter was used to ascertain the personality characteristics of the participants. Two simple entrepreneurial tests were used to determine the entrepreneurial ability of the participants. The two phenonena (temperament and entrepreneurial ability) of the participants were then compared. Third and forth year information systems students from the University of Cape Town and current ICT entrepreneurs made up the population sample.

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Barry K. Andersen

Papers

Identifying Student Potential for ICT Entrepreneurship Using Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicators

Identifying ICT Entrepreneurship Potential in Students