The East Asian miracle: Economic growth and public policy: By the World Bank. (New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1993. 389 pp. $19.95, paper.)

In this exploratory article, we ask how states come to be understood as entities with particular spatial characteristics, and how changing relations between practices of government and national territories may be challenging long-established modes of state spatiality. In the first part of this article, we seek to identify two principles that are key to state spatialization: vertically (thestate is "above"society) andencompassm ent (thestate "encompasses" its localities). We use ethnographic evidence from a maternal health project in India to illustrate our argument that perceptions of verticality and encompassment are produced through routine bureaucratic practices. In the second part, we develop a concept of transnational governmentality as a way of grasping how new practices of government and new forms of "grassroots" politics may call into question the principles of vertical ity and encompassment that have long helped to legitimate and naturalize states' authority over "the local." [states, space, governmentality, globalization, neoliberalism, India, Africa] Recent years have seen a new level of anthropological concern with the modern

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Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality

Part I. Introduction: Developing a Regional Approach to Global Security: 1. Theories and histories about the structure of contemporary international security 2. Levels: distinguishing the regional from the global 3. Security complexes: a theory of regional security Part II. Asia: 4. South Asia: inching towards internal and external transformation 5. Northeast and southeast Asian security complexes during the Cold War 6. The 1990s and beyond: an emergent east Asian complex Conclusion Part III. The Middle East and Africa: Introduction 7. The Middle East: a perennial conflict formation 8. Sub-saharan Africa: security dynamics in a setting of weak and failed states Conclusions Part IV. The Americas: 9. North America: the sole superpower and its surroundings 10. South America: an under-conflictual anomaly? Conclusion: scenarios for the RSCs of the Americas Part V. The Europes: Introduction: 11. EU-Europe: the European Union and its 'near abroad' 12. The Balkans and Turkey 13. The post-Soviet space: a regional security complex around Russia Conclusion: scenarios for the European supercomplex Part VI. Conclusions: 14. Regions and powers: summing up and looking ahead 15. Reflections on conceptualising international security.

http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/3437/1/75.pdf

Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security

Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism

List of Boxes. List of Tables and Figure. Preface. Abbreviations. Introduction. 1. Capitalism and the Capitalist Type of State. 2. The Keynesian Welfare National State. 3. The Schumpeterian Competition State. 4. Social Reproduction and the Workfare State. 5. The Political Economy of State Rescaling. 6. From Mixed Economy to Metagovernance. 7. Towards Schumpeterian Workfare Postnational Regimes?. Notes. References. Index.

The Future of the Capitalist State.

This book examines the growth of fraud and smuggling in African states, the plundering of natural resources, the privatization of state institutions, the development of an economy of plunder and the growth of private armies. It suggests that the state itself is becoming a vehicle for organized criminal activity.
The authors propose criteria for gauging the criminalization of African states and present a novel prognosis: they distinguish between the corruption of previous decades and the criminalization of some African states now taking place. Major operators are now able to connect with global criminal networks. Also, the notion of social capital has led to current attitudes towards the use of public office for personal enrichment, or even systematic illegality.
Looking at South Africa, the authors examine the decades-long tradition of association between crime and politics in this area. South Africa is now the centre of important international patterns of crime, notably in the drug trade. It has Africa's largest formal economy and the continent's largest criminal economy. Considering the economic origins of official implication in crime, the authors conclude that new forms of corruption have been unintentionally helped by liberal economic reforms.

The Criminalization of the State in Africa

Fraudes et trafics en grand, exploitation sauvage des ressources, economie de pillage, privatisation des institutions, criminalisation des pratiques du pouvoir, multiplication des milices armees, extension de la guerre... L'Afrique noire semble sur la pente d'une criminalisation preoccupante de l'etat. Loin des tabous et des anecdotes stereotypees, s'appuyant sur une connaissance vivante et fine des processus economiques, culturels, politiques et militaires a l'oeuvre sur le continent, les trois auteurs de ce livre proposent des criteres, deploient une analyse novatrice et presentent un pronostic : bien sombre, mais encore ouvert. Ont participe a cet ouvrage Jean-Francois Bayart (CNRS, CERI, Paris), Stephen Ellis (Centre d'etudes africaines, Universite de Leyde) et Beatrice Hibou (CNRS, CEAN, Bordeaux).

La criminalisation de l'Etat en Afrique

L'expression ambivalente de "privatisation de l’Etat" entend a la fois rendre compte d’un phenomene (la generalisation des processus de delegation de fonctions regulatrices, voire regaliennes a des intermediaires prives et la montee des reseaux et des marches) et proposer une interpretation de l’evolution de l’Etat dans les pays du Sud : celle de la "decharge" (selon le terme de Max Weber), qui n’est ni perte de controle, ni cannibalisation par le prive, mais redeploiement de l’Etat sous l’effet de transformations nationales et internationales. La privatisation ne doit pas etre comprise comme une captation de l’Etat par les elites, mais bien comme une gouvernementalite a part entiere. Elle constitue une modalite nouvelle de la formation de l’Etat dans les pays du Sud, et non pas son delitement.

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Retrait ou redéploiement de l'Etat ?

Introduction I. POWER BY CREDIT 1. Bad debts 2. Dependence through debt II. CONSTRICTION AND ADHESION 3. A meticulous grid 4. The normalizing activity of the bureaucratic apparatus III. NEGOTIATIONS AND CONSENSUS: THE FORCE OF 'INSIDIOUS LENIENCIES' 5. Between hidden conflictuality and the permanent search for compromise 6. Negotiated accommodation 7. The outline of the Tunisian security pact IV. DISCIPLINE AND REFORM 8. Reformism: the 'correct training' 9. Reforms in perpetuity: the success of reformism Conclusion

The Force of Obedience: The Political Economy of Repression in Tunisia

The privatisation of the state is a seemingly paradoxical expression which captures the ambivalence of the contemporary situation in Africa : on the one hand, the emergence of private actors and private economic and financial logics and, on the other hand, the continuity of the state. Indeed, contrary to conclusions as to the demise of the state in Africa, the analysis developed herein underscores the redeployment of state power, most notably through processes of “discharge” (M. Weber). This entails transformations in relations between the public and the private, as well as the reconfiguration of ways of being and acting in the economic and political realms.

Béatrice Hibou

Papers

The Criminalization of the State in Africa

La criminalisation de l'Etat en Afrique

Retrait ou redéploiement de l'Etat ?

The Force of Obedience: The Political Economy of Repression in Tunisia

La « décharge », nouvel interventionnisme