Under what conditions does a state target a non-core group with group-specific assimilationist measures instead of accommodating it? When does it choose to physically remove the non-core group, by exchange, deportation, or killing? In this paper, I develop a theory that accounts for the variation in nation-building policies. I also test it against alternative explanations such as cultural distance arguments, modernization theory, and the homeland factor. I propose that the content of non-core groups’ rival claims together with the host states’ foreign policy goals are the most important explanatory variables in understanding nation-building policies. My test has been conducted on a dataset compiled on all politically relevant non-core groups in post-WWI Southeastern Europe. My results show that non-core groups living in states that pursue expansionist foreign policy goals are more likely to be excluded than targeted with assimilation. Furthermore, seeking no territorial changes and living in urban centers increase the likelihood of accommodation for a non-core group. When a non-core group is larger than one percent of the total population, however, it is more likely to be targeted with exclusionist or assimilationist policies rather than be accommodated. Prominent alternative explanations cannot account for the observed variation in nation-building policies. For example, non-core groups that are perceived as revisionist by ruling political elites will be targeted with exclusionist policies when they are living in revisionist states and are not primarily urban irrespectively of their cultural distance from the core group or the existence of an external national homeland. Non-core groups whose cultural distinctiveness is not linked to a political identity are more likely to be targeted with assimilationist policies even when they have both a different language and religion from the core group.

A Theory of Nation-Building Assimilation and Its Alternatives in Southeastern Europe

Throughout its existence The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia according to its centralized system of government belonged to the group of nondemocratic, autocratic states. As a result, the state repressive apparatus had a more prominent role in the political life of the Kingdom. Its role went beyond the boundaries of custom tasks performed by the repressive apparatus. Therefore, political activities and related repression created the basis for the operations of Yugoslav repressive apparatus between the two world wars. The ruling regime pursued a firm repressive policy against its opponents. Croatian population, led by the main anti-centralist political force the Croatian (Republican) Peasant Party, was extremely oppressed by such an apparatus.Scientific contribution: by means of scientific analysis of theoretical basis showed the character of political organization of the Kingdom of SCS / Yugoslavia. From the available archival materials reconstructed the working methods of the repressive apparatus of the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia. Determined the key operational methods and reasons of the repressive apparatus, from commanders to subordinates.

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Državni represivni aparat na području Hrvatske od 1918. do 1941. godine

Das millet-System im Osmanischen Reich

/pdf/a-nacionalizmus-szerepe-a-gorog-kulpolitikai-gondolkodasban-2hoy4eok3v.pdf

A nacionalizmus szerepe a görög külpolitikai gondolkodásban 1897-1912

Na osnovu arhivske građe i stručne literature rad analizira pogranični promet i problem dvovlasničkih imanja Jugoslavije i Albanije tokom 1945–1948. Ove dve države uspostavile su intenzivnu ekonomsku saradnju nakon Drugog svetskog rata. Kao bitno pitanje istaknuto je rešavanje odnosa duž jugoslovensko-albanske granice. Potpisan je Sporazum o pograničnom prometu 1945, a nakon posete Envera Hodže Jugoslaviji sredinom 1946. ukinuta je carinska granica i izjednačene su valute. Probleme oko dvovlasničkih imanja rešavala je mešovita albansko-jugoslovenska komisija. Ipak, svi započeti projekti i rešavana pitanja bili su prekinuti albanskim prihvatanjem Rezolucije Informbiroa u junu 1948, nakon čega je jugoslovensko-albanska granica bila zatvorena.

Pogranični promet Jugoslavije i Albanije i dvovlasnička imanja 1945-1948.

This collection of documents has been brought together in an attempt to add a depth of understanding to consideration of the ethnic conflicts within the Balkan region over the last 150 years. It is wide-ranging in its coverage of the position and treatment of ethnic minorities within the Balkan states and beyond. Countries covered are: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Dalmatia; Greece; Kosovo; Macedonia; Moldavia; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia; Transylvania; Turkey; and, to some extent, the Austrian Empire. It will be discovered that within each state is a minority of some kind with a degree of persecution formed against them, whether they be Jews, Magyars, Circassians, Muslims, Christians or former residents of a different country such as Greeks in Turkey or Albanians in Greece.

Ethnic minorities in the Balkan States, 1860-1971

This two volume set of documents and maps provides the historical background appropriate to understanding the present Balkan crisis. It makes available the essential historical texts and maps determining the formation of boundaries in the Kosovo region. Treaties, political reports and diplomatic correspondence have been selected from British government files to show the main historical developments in territorial relations between Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Greece. The collection begins with the rise of Balkan nationalism in the mid-nineteenth century, and ends with the provisional Government of Albania set up in 1944, turning away from its original close links with Yugoslavia, fearing Yugoslav expansionism, and seeking alliances with China and other Communist powers.

Bejtullah D. Destani

Papers

Ethnic minorities in the Balkan States, 1860-1971

Albania & Kosovo : political and ethnic boundaries, 1867-1946

Montenegro : political and ethnic boundaries, 1840-1920