Application of the residue number system to reduce hardware costs of the convolutional neural network implementation

© 2018 ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ «Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет» © 2018 Moscow State University of Psychology & Education E-journal «Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology» 2018, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 90—99. doi: 10.17759/jmfp.2018070209 ISSN: 2304-4977 (online) Электронный журнал «Современная зарубежная психология» 2018. Том 7. No 2. С. 90—99. doi: 10.17759/jmfp.2018070209 ISSN: 2304-4977 (online)

Анализ конструктивно-технологических ограничений при проектировании лавинных фотодиодов, работающих в режиме счета фотонов

Натрийуретические пептиды (НУП) являются важными биомаркерами в диагностике и определении прогноза у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью (СН). Оценка динамики концентрации НУП (BNP, Nt -proBNP) может быть использована в качестве критерия успешности проводимой терапии. так, при достижении целевых уровней НУП можно прогнозировать благоприятный исход заболевания. В настоящее время лечение СН с учетом уровней НУП является частью рекомендаций по лечению СН (класс IIа) и улучшению ее исхода (класс IIб) в США, однако такой подход не используется в российских клиниках. Цель. Представить современный взгляд на возможность использования НУП для оценки эффективности проводимой терапии пациентов с СН. Ключевые слова: натрийуретические пептиды, сердечная недостаточность, оценка эффективности терапии.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук, Кемерово, Россия

Residue Number System (RNS) is a non-weighted number system which was proposed by Garner back in 1959 to achieve fast implementation of addition, subtraction and multiplication operations in special-purpose computations. Unfortunately, RNS did not turn out as a popular alternative to two?s complement number system in those days. The rigidity of instruction set architectures of the market-dominant computers and microprocessors then has been the main barrier to sustain the development of RNS-based applications. In recent years, technological advancement in semiconductor technology has revived the interests to reconsider RNS for application-specific computing. There are at least two unique motivations which make RNS computations more attractive and applicable in modern digital signal processing applications. Firstly, the modular and distributive properties of RNS are used to achieve performance improvements especially in the emerging distributed and ubiquitous computing platforms such as cloud, wireless ad hoc networks, and applications which require tolerance against soft error. Secondly, energy efficiency becomes a key driver in the continual densification of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital integrated circuits. The high degree of computational parallelism in RNS offers new degree of freedom to optimize energy performance, particularly for very long word length arithmetic such as those involved in the hardware implementation of cryptographic algorithms. Our aim in this paper is to show this revolution by discussing interesting development in RNS and foster the innovative use of RNS for more applications. Different applications of RNS are investigated to demonstrate how this unconventional number system can be leveraged to benefit their implementation.

Residue Number Systems: A New Paradigm to Datapath Optimization for Low-Power and High-Performance Digital Signal Processing Applications

Two architectures for modulo 2n+1 adders are introduced in this paper. The first one is built around a sparse carry computation unit that computes only some of the carries of the modulo 2n+1 addition. This sparse approach is enabled by the introduction of the inverted circular idempotency property of the parallel-prefix carry operator and its regularity and area efficiency are further enhanced by the introduction of a new prefix operator. The resulting diminished-1 adders can be implemented in smaller area and consume less power compared to all earlier proposals, while maintaining a high operation speed. The second architecture unifies the design of modulo 2n ± 1 adders. It is shown that modulo 2n+1 adders can be easily derived by straightforward modifications of modulo 2n-1 adders with minor hardware overhead.

On Modulo 2^n+1 Adder Design

This book provides an up-to-date account of RNSs and arithmetic. It covers the underlying mathematical concepts of RNSs; the conversion between conventional number systems and RNSs; the implementation of arithmetic operations; various related applications are also introduced. In addition, numerous detailed examples and analysis of different implementations are provided.

Benjamin Premkumar

Papers

Residue Number Systems: Theory and Implementation