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Using Multivariate Statistics

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovas...

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Emotion and Adaptation

Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.)

Background: The Internet is increasingly used as a medium for the delivery of interventions designed to promote health behavior change. However, reviews of these interventions to date have not systematically identified intervention characteristics and linked these to effectiveness. Objectives: The present review sought to capitalize on recently published coding frames for assessing use of theory and behavior change techniques to investigate which characteristics of Internet-based interventions best promote health behavior change. In addition, we wanted to develop a novel coding scheme for assessing mode of delivery in Internet-based interventions and also to link different modes to effect sizes. Methods: We conducted a computerized search of the databases indexed by ISI Web of Knowledge (including BIOSIS Previews and Medline) between 2000 and 2008. Studies were included if (1) the primary components of the intervention were delivered via the Internet, (2) participants were randomly assigned to conditions, and (3) a measure of behavior related to health was taken after the intervention. Results: We found 85 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria, providing a total sample size of 43,236 participants. On average, interventions had a statistically small but significant effect on health-related behavior (d+ = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.23). More extensive use of theory was associated with increases in effect size (P = .049), and, in particular, interventions based on the theory of planned behavior tended to have substantial effects on behavior (d+ = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.56). Interventions that incorporated more behavior change techniques also tended to have larger effects compared to interventions that incorporated fewer techniques (P < .001). Finally, the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions was enhanced by the use of additional methods of communicating with participants, especially the use of short message service (SMS), or text, messages. Conclusions: The review provides a framework for the development of a science of Internet-based interventions, and our findings provide a rationale for investing in more intensive theory-based interventions that incorporate multiple behavior change techniques and modes of delivery. [J Med Internet Res 2010;12(1):e4]

Using the Internet to promote health behavior change: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy

Abstract 2285: Feasibility Study for Spousal Caregivers Receiving a Telehealth Social Support Intervention

The concept of depression in women with coronary heart disease has been poorly defined for several reasons: numerous widely variable instruments that operationalize the concept, divergent proposed instrument cutoff scores, and continued lack of female participants and data analysis by gender in coronary heart disease research. In the forty articles from 1990 to 2018 evaluating depression in women with coronary heart disease, the concept is defined by specific somatic and cognitive symptoms, preceded by particular physiological and psychosocial vulnerabilities, and leads to poorer outcomes. Concept clarification is necessary for accurate diagnosis of depression, leading to more timely and appropriate interventions for women.

Clarifying the Concept of Depression in Women With Coronary Heart Disease.

The Council of Cardiovascular Nursing (CVN) promotes excellence in nursing care for patients and their families, ranging from primary prevention to the care of the critically ill. The CVN integrates cardiovascular nursing research into the American Heart Association’s (AHA’s) national research program and works to advance evidence-based practice by disseminating knowledge generated by all types of research. Importantly, we collaborate with other AHA scientific councils, cosponsor professional educational conferences, participate in writing scientific papers, and sponsor summer research scholarships for students.

American Heart Association: Scientific Council of Cardiovascular Nursing.

The past decade led to an increased awareness among American women that coronary heart disease (CHD) was their leading cause of death. From 1980 to 2007, death of women from CHD was significantly reduced, in part, because of a reduction of major risk factors, as well as improved contemporary treatments for CHD including secondary prevention. Despite significant progress, evidence reveals a persisting threat of CHD to women_s health; the CHD death rates in young American women (aged 34Y54 years) are increasing, likely related to the obesity epidemic. Black women fare even poorer, and this health disparity may reflect their lack of awareness of heart disease. The 2011 guidelines provide clear direction for providers, patients, and policymakers for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women using a multidisciplinary approach. The updated effectiveness guidelines place a greater emphasis on the risks and benefits of specific interventions, age-specific sex differences in the onset and severity of CVD, and risk factors unique to women such as pregnancy that mandate sex-specific prevention and treatment. Compared with the 2007 guidelines, the new guidelines expanded the evidence beyond efficacy to effectiveness, broadened the emphasis beyond CHD to CVD, and prioritized lifestyle approaches as the most cost-effective prevention strategy. Highlights of the new guidelines are presented here.

Bernice C. Yates

Papers

Abstract 2285: Feasibility Study for Spousal Caregivers Receiving a Telehealth Social Support Intervention

Clarifying the Concept of Depression in Women With Coronary Heart Disease.

American Heart Association: Scientific Council of Cardiovascular Nursing.

AHA Council on Cardiovascular Nursing.