Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review emphasizing on particle structure and drug release

Carotenoids are lipophilic secondary plant compounds, and their consumption within fruits and vegetables has been positively correlated with a decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases. However, their bioavailability is often compromised due to incomplete release from the food matrix, poor solubility and potential degradation during digestion. In addition, carotenoids in food products are prone to oxidative degradation, not only lowering the nutritional value of the product but also triggering other quality deteriorative changes, such as formation of lipid pro-oxidants (free radicals), development of discolorations or off-flavor defects. Encapsulation refers to a physicochemical process, aiming to entrap an active substance in structurally engineered micro- or nano-systems, in order to develop an effective thermodynamical and physical barrier against deteriorative environmental conditions, such as water vapor, oxygen, light, enzymes or pH. In this context, encapsulation of carotenoids ...

/pdf/a-comprehensive-overview-on-the-micro-and-nano-technological-42tpixl1ic.pdf

A comprehensive overview on the micro- and nano-technological encapsulation advances for enhancing the chemical stability and bioavailability of carotenoids

Introduction: From a biopharmaceutical standpoint, the skin is recognized as an interesting route for drug delivery. In general, small molecules are able to penetrate the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. In contrast, the delivery of larger molecules, such as peptides and proteins, remains a challenge. Nanoparticles have been exploited not only to enhance skin penetration of drugs but also to expand the range of molecules to be clinically used.Areas covered: This review focus on Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for skin administration. We discuss the selection criteria for lipids, surfactants, and surface modifiers commonly in use in SLN/NLC, their production techniques, and the range of drugs loaded in these lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin disorders.Expert opinion: Depending on the lipid and surfactant composition, different nanoparticle morphologies can be generated. Both SLN and NLC are composed of lipids that resemble those of the skin and sebum, which contribute to their enhanced biocompatibility, with limited toxicological risk. SLN and NLC can be loaded with very chemically different drugs, may provide a tunable release profile, can be produced in a sterilized environment, and be scaled-up without the need for organic solvents.

SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery.

Carotenoid-loaded nanocarriers: A comprehensive review

Chronic wounds and severe burns are diseases responsible for severe morbidity and even death. Wound repair is a crucial process and tissue regeneration enhancement and infection prevention are key factors to minimize pain, discomfort, and scar formation. The aim of this work was the development of lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers [NLC]), to be loaded with eucalyptus or rosemary essential oils and to be used, as medical devices, to enhance healing of skin wounds. Lipid nanoparticles were based on natural lipids: cocoa butter, as solid lipid, and olive oil or sesame oil, as liquid lipids. Lecithin was chosen as surfactant to stabilize nanoparticles and to prevent their aggregation. The systems were prepared by high shear homogenization followed by ultrasound application. Nanoparticles were characterized for physical-chemical properties, bioadhesion, cytocompatibility, in vitro proliferation enhancement, and wound healing properties toward normal human dermal fibroblasts. Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles was evaluated against two reference microbial strains, one of Staphylococcus aureus, the other of Streptococcus pyogenes. Finally, the capability of nanoparticles to promote wound healing in vivo was evaluated on a rat burn model. NLC based on olive oil and loaded with eucalyptus oil showed appropriate physical-chemical properties, good bioadhesion, cytocompatibility, in vitro proliferation enhancement, and wound healing properties toward fibroblasts, associated to antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the in vivo results evidenced the capability of these NLC to enhance the healing process. Olive oil, which is characterized by a high content of oleic acid, proved to exert a synergic effect with eucalyptus oil with respect to antimicrobial activity and wound repair promotion.

Essential oil-loaded lipid nanoparticles for wound healing.

Compositions and methods useful for providing one or more benefits, including a color rejuvenation and/or color maintenance benefit to a fabric are disclosed. The disclosed compositions contain at least one cationic polymer. The methods include providing the disclosed compositions in combination with a source of anionic surfactant. Unit dose and multi-compartment systems are also disclosed.

Compositions and methods for providing a benefit

Second generation lipid systems for the delivery of bioactive compounds have been developed by mixing a liquid carrier oil with a solid lipid to form so-called nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). In this study, we investigated the effect of different liquid carrier oils on the crystallization and aggregation behavior of tristearin NLC dispersions. We found that NLC suspension stability was strongly affected by the type and amount of the carrier oil. As the oil concentration was increased, the crystallization and melting temperatures decreased, the polymorphic transformation rate increased, the particles became more spherical, and suspension stability was enhanced. These results suggest that oil trapped within the growing crystal matrix accelerated polymorphic transformation but retarded the large shape change normally associated with the transformation. We also found that considerably less surfactant was necessary to produce stable NLC suspensions than was required to stabilize solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) suspensions without a carrier oil. Based on preliminary simulation results, we hypothesized that improved NLC suspension stability was attributable to both reduced particle shape change, which created less new surface area to be covered by surfactant, and increased mobility of surfactant molecules, which resulted in available surfactant being more efficient at covering created surface area.

The effect of oil type on the aggregation stability of nanostructured lipid carriers.

The instant disclosure relates to stable color maintenance and/or rejuvenation compositions comprising at least one cationic polymer and anionic surfactant, and methods for providing the same.

Fabric care compositions, process of making, and method of use

A personal care composition that comprises a synthetic random polymer comprising a net positive charge; said synthetic random polymer comprising an acrylamide monomer unit; and a cationic monomer unit comprising 3 or more positive charges; wherein said synthetic random polymer comprises a ratio of said acrylamide monomer unit to said cationic monomer unit comprising from about 55:45 to about 97:3; and a surfactant component; and an aqueous carrier.

Personal care composition comprising a synthetic cationic polymer

A method of achieving improved hair feel. The method comprises applying to hair a composition comprising: (a) a specific cationic guar polymer; (b) a specific cationic copolymer; (c) an anti-dandruff active; (d) a cosmetically acceptable carrier; (e) a surfactant; wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is from about 1000:1 to about 3.5:1; and wherein the sum of (a)+(b) is an amount of from about 0.0001% to about 0.7%, by total weight of the composition. The composition forms coacervate particles upon dilution of the composition with water and the coacervate particles have a squeeze flow viscosity of from about 1 cP to about 100 cP. The percentage of coacervate particles with a floc size of greater than about 20 micron is from about 1% to about 60% and the on-scalp deposition of the anti-dandruff active is at least about 1 microgram/cm 2 .

Beth Ann Schubert

Papers

Compositions and methods for providing a benefit

The effect of oil type on the aggregation stability of nanostructured lipid carriers.

Fabric care compositions, process of making, and method of use

Personal care composition comprising a synthetic cationic polymer

Method of achieving improved hair feel