The pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential of anthraquinone derivative emodin.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and autoimmune disease, and its main pathological changes are inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by the secretion and accumulation of a variety of related cytokines, which induce the destruction of cartilage and bone tissue. Therefore, the modulation of inflammatory cells and cytokines is a key therapeutic target for controlling inflammation in RA. This review details the effects of emodin on the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. In addition, the systematic introduction of emodin directly or indirectly affects proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-19, and M-CSF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (the secretion of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β) through the coregulation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines to inhibit inflammation in RA and promote recovery. Understanding the potential mechanism of emodin in the treatment of RA in detail provides a systematic theoretical basis for the clinical application of emodin in the future.

/pdf/mechanism-of-emodin-in-the-treatment-of-rheumatoid-arthritis-3te5hgx4.pdf

Mechanism of Emodin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

High expression of KIF20A in bladder cancer as a potential prognostic target for poor survival of renal cell carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the role of KIF3C gene in promoting the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells and in regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods: CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to detect the changes in cell proliferation and cell migration ability after being transfected with siKIF3C, as well as the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT following the downregulation of KIF3C by Western blot. Results: The CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation/viability of lung cancer cells A549 significantly reduced after being transfected with siKIF3C gene (P < 0.05); the migration ability of lung cancer cells A549 was significantly reduced after transfected with siKIF3C gene (P < 0.05); the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT proteins were downregulated after KIF3C protein knockdown (P < 0.05); however, the detection of PI3K and AKT protein levels was not statistically significant. Conclusion: KIF3C may promote the proliferation and migration ability of lung cancer cells A549 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

/pdf/kif3c-promotes-the-malignant-progression-of-lung-cancer-2oplu2tu.pdf

KIF3C Promotes the Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer Cells A549

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common types of cancer in males. Although early stages of PC are generally associated with favorable outcomes, advanced phases of the disease present a significantly poorer prognosis. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options for the treatment of PC are still limited, being mainly focused on androgen deprivation therapies and being characterized by low efficacy in patients. As a consequence, there is a pressing need to identify alternative and more effective therapeutics. In this study, we performed large-scale 2D and 3D similarity analyses between compounds reported in the DrugBank database and ChEMBL molecules with reported anti-proliferative activity on various PC cell lines. The analyses included also the identification of biological targets of ligands with potent activity on PC cells, as well as investigations on the activity annotations and clinical data associated with the more relevant compounds emerging from the ligand-based similarity results. The results led to the prioritization of a set of drugs and/or clinically tested candidates potentially useful in drug repurposing against PC.

/pdf/identification-of-promising-drug-candidates-against-prostate-1x4ouknu.pdf

Identification of Promising Drug Candidates against Prostate Cancer through Computationally-Driven Drug Repurposing

Most prostate cancer (PCa) cases remain indolent with a relatively good prognosis. However, bone metastasis of PCa can quickly worsen prognoses and lead to mortality. Metastasis-free survival (MFS), a strong surrogate for overall survival, is widely used in PCa prognosis research. The present study identified molecules that affect bone MFS in PCa, with clinical validation. Three datasets (GSE32269, GSE74367 and GSE77930) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hub genes most relevant to clinical traits (bone metastasis-associated morbidity) were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and subjected to logistic regression analysis. Patient samples were obtained between January 2014 and December 2016, with a clinically annotated follow-up in December 2021. Clinical data and follow-up information for 60 patients with PCa were used in MFS analysis. Tumor samples were retrieved, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The prognostic potential of the two molecules was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A total of 16 gene modules were obtained via WGCNA, and the tan module, containing 147 genes, was most closely linked to bone metastasis. In total, 877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. The DEG-tan module intersection yielded seven hub genes [BUB1, kinesin family member (KIF)2C, RACGAP1, CENPE, KIF11, TTK and KIF20A]. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for independent risk factors of bone metastasis, KIF11 and VEGF were found to be significantly associated with a higher T stage, prostate-specific antigen level and Gleason score. In addition, KIF11 and VEGF expression levels were positively correlated (P<0.001). Using univariate Cox analysis, KIF11 and VEGF were found to exhibit a significant association with poor MFS (P<0.05). However, only KIF11 was significantly associated with MFS upon multivariate analysis (P=0.007; hazard ratio, 2.776; 95% confidence interval, 1.315-5.859). Markers of bone metastasis in PCa were identified. Overall, KIF11 is an independent indicator that can predict bone metastasis for patients with PCa, which could be used to guide clinical practice.

/pdf/kif11-a-potential-prognostic-biomarker-for-predicting-bone-1s0u2kgz.pdf

KIF11: A potential prognostic biomarker for predicting bone metastasis-free survival of prostate cancer

PLK1 as one novel target for the poor prognosis of bladder cancer: An observational study

AIM: Through observing the change of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the peripheral blood and gingival tissue, to explore the mechanism of Emodin (EMD) in the therapy of periodontal disease. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of thirty (group N, group P, group PL and the group PH). The periodontitis model was made and EMD was administered at PL and PH. At the 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after the animal models were established, the rats were killed respectively and the maxilla and the peripheral blood were collected. A side of maxilla was stained with HE for histological examination and the other side of gingival tissue surround ligated tooth was collected for the measurement of NO. Also, it was measured in the peripheral blood. GLM method using SPSS was used to compare changes in each of the variables over time. RESULTS: The levels of NO in the peripheral blood and gingival tissue in PL and PH groups were significantly lower than that in P groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Emodin can take effect on periodontitis by reducing the levels of NO in the peripheral blood and gingival tissue.

Therapeutic effect of emodin in experimental periodonititis rats

Co-registration and residual correction of digital elevation models: A comparative study

Background Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a malignant tumor that originates in the mesenchymal tissue and is common in the extremities and retroperitoneum. Primary UPS of the duodenal papilla is rare and a distinct clinical entity. Case presentation In this report, a 48-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of melena. The patient underwent choledochectomy and choledochaljejunostomy for obstructive jaundice 8 years before admission. Endoscopic examination after admission confirmed a mass located at the duodenal papilla. Then, the duodenal papilla and tumor resection were performed, and the histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of UPS. The patient refused further treatment and died 2 months later due to local recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis. Conclusions It is rare that the mass in the duodenal papilla is diagnosed as UPS. The unpredicted behavior of these tumors warrants a careful plan considering their indolent nature and possible recurrence and metastasis. The prognosis was poor despite the early complete resection.

Bing Liu

Papers

KIF11: A potential prognostic biomarker for predicting bone metastasis-free survival of prostate cancer

PLK1 as one novel target for the poor prognosis of bladder cancer: An observational study

Therapeutic effect of emodin in experimental periodonititis rats

Co-registration and residual correction of digital elevation models: A comparative study

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Duodenal Papilla: A Rare Case and Worth Discussing History