Finding the security vulnerabilities and solving the issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mandatory tasks for providing secure data transmission. Attackers or intruders are rising with various types of network harming activities. Due to the open shared medium of WSN, the services can be easily broken. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) helps to keep the network secure against the attackers. At the same time, it is not sufficient against numerous real time attackers. There are plenty of attacks are injected in wireless transmissions. So, taking a deep survey and finding the needs in security perspective are very important jobs. This survey article analyses the problems and solutions given on secure routing and successful watchdog production in WSN. Collectively, this survey helps to understand IDS techniques, WSN characteristics, secure routing, key management techniques and watchdog construction strategies in detail. Finally, this article states some notable problems and solutions for providing optimal watchdog productions. This keeps WSN free from attackers and intruders. As watchdog is a light weight agent, the techniques and protocols used for intrusion detection shall not create maximum overhead and any runtime issues. In this regard, this work analyses various proactive and reactive routing protocols, light weight cryptography techniques and attack types. From the analysis, this deep survey suggests the optimal usage of secure routing protocols and hardware efficient security algorithms. This survey extends its contribution to reveal the adaptability of efficient cryptography techniques, attacks detection algorithms and protocols with real-time watchdogs. This work significantly contributes for watchdog based intrusion detection in low powered WSN. The performance comparisons and the results given in this work deliver the overall technical benefits and limitations of various techniques.

Secure Opportunistic Watchdog Production in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

MANETs have grown into a usually used network for countless applications. Mostly, a transmission medium perspective undergoes with thoughtful security worries, which may be focused to packet dropping. In the network, when packet forward the drooping of valuable packets may occur due to the presence of malicious nodes. The major sources in MANET for packet losses are malicious packet dropping and link error. A node can perform unkindly and could harm the process of sending the packet. In order to overcome the issues and to have an efficient detection process of malicious drop with better secure performances, the improved failure aware third party Auditor (IFTPA) based homomorphism linear authenticator (HLA) mechanism (IFHM) is proposed with the secured ad hoc on demand distance vector (SAODV). The proposed approach permitsthe trustworthiness verification of packet loss information and malicious node detection by dropping identifying of routing and data packet. Packet dropping is because of the both link error and occurrence of malicious nodes, which can identify by SAODV. To make certain efficiency, the authentication service is implemented in the protocol. However, to succeed storage scalability, the protocol implements the pseudo random function (PRF) in the system to fix the secret key of a client to its uniqueness using the secret key of its server.

Preventing malicious packet dropping nodes in MANET using IFHM based SAODV routing protocol

A Wireless ad hoc network (WANET) is a decentralized brand where all nodes compete in routing by promoting data for supplementary nodes. This is arranged in a disaster region to gather patient’s data and develop medical amenities. The health information gathered from these calamity regions are compressed and transmitted through this network for treatment purposes. During this process several issues identified comprises of the quality of service (QoS) issues, interference between nodes, connectivity issues, efficient routing, security or authority issues, scalability, network topology, network lifetime, battery power consumption, network bandwidth etc. To overcome these issues so far many algorithms for instance data compression (DC) algorithms, routing algorithms etc. Furthermore several issues exist with these existing algorithms. This work reviews some existing algorithm their advantages and limitations identified with the existing works in DC and transmissions and also provide future study and growth directions. 

Data Compression and Transmission Techniques in Wireless Adhoc Networks: A Review

In wireless ad hoc network, there are two sources for packet loss i.e. link errors and malicious packet dropping. It is important to determine whether the losses are caused by link errors only, or by combined effect of link errors and malicious drop. Here, we are especially interested in the insider attacker case where malicious nodes drops packet selectively to degrade the network performance. Packet dropping rate in the insider attack case is nearly equal to normal link error because of which existing algorithms cannot find the exact reason of packet loss. We are going to find the correlation between lost packets and to ensure that these correlations are accurate we are going to use Homomorphic Linear Authenticator (HLA) based public auditing mechanism. The HLA architecture is privacy preserving and collusion proof.

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Study on Homomorphic Linear Authenticator in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc network, packet loss is a serious issue. Either it is caused by link errors or by malicious packet dropping. The malicious nodes in a route can intentionally drop the packets during the transmission from source to destination. It is difficult to distinct the packet loss due to link errors and malicious dropping. Here is a mechanism which will detect the malicious packet dropping by using the correlation between packets. An auditing architecture based on homomorphic linear authenticator can be used to ensure the proof of reception of packets at each node. Also to ensure the forwarding of packets at each node, a reputation mechanism based on indirect reciprocity can be used.

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Bonia Jose

Papers

Detecting packet dropping attack in wireless ad hoc network