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Modern Applied Statistics With S

At the end of 2013, Republic of South Africa has lost its position of the main economy in Africa for Nigeria. The problems of the labor market and the economic situation in the EU and the US have influenced the South African economic performance. Mining law and the law governing the work of private security companies may constitute a barrier to foreign investors in the future. The African National Congress won the elections this year, and Jacob Zuma gained a new term as president of the republic. Therefore, no essential changes in the economic policies are expected in the near future. The economic growth in South Africa is below the real potential of the country because of the low skilled labor, high crime and a lack of political will in supporting productive activities and investments.

The Republic of South Africa

HIV seroconversion outcomes in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials of oral tenofovir (TFV)-containing regimens are highly sensitive to drug concentration, yet less-than-daily dosing regimens are under study. Description of TFV and its active moiety, TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP), in blood, vaginal tissue, and colon tissue may guide the design and interpretation of PrEP clinical trials. Six healthy women were administered a single oral dose of 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and 4.3 mg (12.31 MBq, 333 μCi) 14C-TDF slurry. Blood was collected every 4 h for the first 24 h, then at 4, 8, 11, and 15 days postdosing. Colonic and vaginal samples (tissue, total and CD4+ cells, luminal fluid and cells) were collected 1, 8 and 15 days postdose. Samples were analyzed for TFV and TFV-DP. Plasma TFV demonstrated triphasic decay with terminal elimination half-life median [interquartile range (IQR)] 69 h (58–77). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TFV-DP demonstrated biphasic peaks (median 12 h an...

Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Oral Tenofovir in Plasma, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Colonic Tissue, and Vaginal Tissue

/pdf/the-definition-of-youth-2i22ve3zn0.pdf

The Definition of Youth

Female streetworking prostitution and HIV infection in Glasgow

74 [1,3,4,7–9,11,12,14,18–25,27,29–32,36– 41,44,45,47,49–51,55,59–62,66–68,70– 78,80,81,83,84,86–89,91–98,102–107,134] 18 [111,112,114–117,119– 126,128,130,132,133] 92 Text 16 [2,5,26,28,34,35,48,52,53,56,64,65,82,90,101,1 08,135] 4 [56,113,118,136] 19 Table 2 [58,69] 0 2 Survey response rate ≥80% 23 [2,6,8,9,15,30,32,36,45,49,52,55,69,74,76,83,93 ,94,97,101,105,107,135] 10 [109,112,115,116,119,121,125,1 26,130,133] 33 60-79% 14 [10–14,53,54,60,64,82,90,92,102,103] 3 [110,113,114] 17 <60% 13 [17,19,21,24,27,28,58,75,78,79,96,99,104] 2 [127,128] 15 NS 59 [1,3–5,7,18,20,22,23,25,26,29,31,33–35,37– 44,46–48,50,51,56,57,59,61–63,65–68,70– 73,77,80,81,84–89,91,95,98,100,106,108,134] 13 [56,111,117,118,120,122– 124,129,131,132,136] 71 ACASI = audio computer-assisted self-interview, AI = anal intercourse, CRS – cluster random sample, FTFI = face-to-face interview, NS = not specified, RCT = cluster randomised trial, RDS = Respondent driven sampling, SAQ = self-administered questionnaire, SRS = simple random sample The sum of some subgroups is greater than total number of included articles because several articles provided AI data in more than one category. Refers to non-higher risk participants recruited locally through posters, advertisements, from home visits or community venues etc. Three studies recruited ‘at risk’ young people, which were variously defined as: reporting recent unprotected sex [110,114], having recently been arrested [110], being a crack user, having had multiple sex partners in the past year.

/pdf/a-neglected-risk-factor-in-hiv-transmission-and-implications-4ifanc6jxg.pdf

Branwen Nia Owen

Papers

A neglected risk factor in HIV transmission, and implications for prevention