The term: SID syndrome applies to sudden and unexpected death of the infant for which no diagnostic fetal factor has been found. It is also applied to sudden death of a less than one year old baby, the cause is not recognizable after complete post mortem study, and review of disease records. Such a death will be a very bitter and sorrowful experience for the family, therefor the nurses are bound to support the family both mentally and spiritually.

Sudden infant death syndrome

Importance Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risks for adult depression, poor mental health, and insufficient social and emotional support have been documented. Less is known about how positive childhood experiences (PCEs) co-occur with and may modulate the effect of ACEs on adult mental and relational health. Objective To evaluate associations between adult-reported PCEs and (1) adult depression and/or poor mental health (D/PMH) and (2) adult-reported social and emotional support (ARSES) across ACEs exposure levels. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were from the cross-sectional 2015 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, a random digit-dial telephone survey of noninstitutionalized Wisconsin adults 18 years and older (n = 6188). Data were weighted to be representative of the entire population of Wisconsin adults in 2015. Data were analyzed between September 2016 and January 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The definition of D/PMH includes adults with a depression diagnosis (ever) and/or 14 or more poor mental health days in the past month. The definition of PCEs includes 7 positive interpersonal experiences with family, friends, and in school/the community. Standard Behavioral Risk Factor Survey ACEs and ARSES variables were used. Results In the 2015 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Survey sample of adults (50.7% women; 84.9% white), the adjusted odds of D/PMH were 72% lower (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.21-0.39) for adults reporting 6 to 7 vs 0 to 2 PCEs (12.6% vs 48.2%). Odds were 50% lower (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.69) for those reporting 3 to 5 vs 0 to 2 PCEs (25.1% vs 48.2%). Associations were similar in magnitude for adults reporting 1, 2 to 3, or 4 to 8 ACEs. The adjusted odds that adults reported “always” on the ARSES variable were 3.53 times (95% CI, 2.60-4.80) greater for adults with 6 to 7 vs 0 to 2 PCEs. Associations for 3 to 5 PCEs were not significant. The PCE associations with D/PMH remained stable across each ACEs exposure level when controlling for ARSES. Conclusions and Relevance Positive childhood experiences show dose-response associations with D/PMH and ARSES after accounting for exposure to ACEs. The proactive promotion of PCEs for children may reduce risk for adult D/PMH and promote adult relational health. Joint assessment of PCEs and ACEs may better target needs and interventions and enable a focus on building strengths to promote well-being. Findings support prioritizing possibilities to foster safe, stable nurturing relationships for children that consider the health outcomes of positive experiences.

/pdf/positive-childhood-experiences-and-adult-mental-and-2dwu4nsy6g.pdf

Positive Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental and Relational Health in a Statewide Sample: Associations Across Adverse Childhood Experiences Levels

Communities That Care: Action for Drug Abuse Prevention

Breast is best

Women's Lives

ACEs and counter-ACEs: How positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health.

Background: Sexual debut before age 15 years has been associated with increased sexual risk behaviors among teens, but little is known about its effects beyond adolescence. This study examines the relationship between the age at first intercourse and subsequent contraceptive gaps. Methods: We identified 3538 sexually active, fertile women participants from the 2006–2008 National Survey of Family Growth. Women were classified as consistent contraceptive users or inconsistent/nonusers. Age at first intercourse with a man was determined by self-report and categorized as <15, 15–17, and ≥18 years. Results: Twenty-three percent reported gaps in contraceptive use in the year prior to interview. Compared with women who were 18 or older at first intercourse, women who were <15 years of age at the time of first intercourse were nearly two times as likely to report a gap in contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio: 1.93; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–3.00). Conclusions: Age at first intercourse is associated...

/pdf/early-age-at-first-intercourse-and-subsequent-gaps-in-2jatn78hsa.pdf

Early age at first intercourse and subsequent gaps in contraceptive use.

Objective To examine perceptions, behaviors, and impacts surrounding COVID-19 early in the pandemic response. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey of 1,030 U.S. adults was administered on March 31st, 2020. This survey examined attitudes toward media, government, and community responses to COVID-19 by political ideology and sociodemographic factors. Knowledge, anxieties, and impacts of COVID-19 were also assessed. Results Conservatives were more likely to report that COVID-19 was receiving too much media coverage and people were generally overreacting; liberals were more likely to report the government had not done enough in response to the pandemic. Females and those with lower income experienced more COVID-19 related economic anxieties. Those working and with children at home reported higher social, home, and work disruption. Social distancing behaviors were more common among liberals and were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. General knowledge about COVID-19 was widely exhibited across the sample, however, Black and Hispanic respondents were less likely to correctly answer questions about the availability of a vaccine and modes of transmission. Conclusions Public health experts should consider the political climate in crafting messaging that appeals to the values of those across the political spectrum. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic should continue to monitor the effects of social distancing on mental health and among vulnerable populations.

/pdf/political-and-personal-reactions-to-covid-19-during-initial-3nrhcgdczu.pdf

Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States

The influence of adverse and advantageous childhood experiences during adolescence on young adult health

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of low self-control as a mediator or moderator between early age at sexual debut and risky sexual behavior in young adulthood. Data on 5734 male and female Add Health participants were used. Self-control (waves 1 & 3), age at sexual debut (wave 3) and risky sexual behavior (wave 4) were used in a structural equation modeling framework to assess the relationships of interest. Approximately 17% of respondents were < 15 years at first sexual intercourse. Among females only, both early age at first intercourse (Parent-report: z = 5.08, p < .001; Self-report: z = 2.05, p < .05) and low self-control at wave 3 (Parent-report: z = 2.30, p < .05; Self-report: z = 2.31, p < .05) mediated the relationship between low self-control at wave 1 and risky sexual behaviors in young adulthood. Similarly in the male-only model, both early age at first intercourse (Parent-report: z = 2.92, p < .01; Self-report: z = 3.04, p < .01) and low self-control at wave 3 (Parent-report: z = 1.99, p < .05; Self-report: z = 3.15, p < .01) mediated the relationship between low self-control and risky sexual behaviors in young adulthood. There was evidence of moderation in the male-only model (− 0.26, p < .01), such that lower impulsivity strengthened the relationship between early sex and risky sex. This study confirms the role of executive functions in sexual behaviors and suggests that interventions aimed at improving self-control may be beneficial in reducing risky sexual behavior.

/pdf/early-sexual-debut-and-risky-sex-in-young-adults-the-role-of-1nkaociqh0.pdf

Brianna M. Magnusson

Papers

ACEs and counter-ACEs: How positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health.

Early age at first intercourse and subsequent gaps in contraceptive use.

Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States

The influence of adverse and advantageous childhood experiences during adolescence on young adult health

Early sexual debut and risky sex in young adults: the role of low self-control