Mass media are believed to be a pervasive force in shaping physical appearance ideals and have been shown to negatively impact females' body image. Little research has attended to the effects of media exposure on males' body image. The current experiment exposed 158 males to television advertisements containing either ideal male images or neutral images that were inserted between segments of a television program. Participants were blocked on dispositional body image and attitudes toward appearance variables to assess for moderating effects. Results indicated that participants exposed to ideal image advertisements became significantly more depressed and had higher levels of muscle dissatisfaction than those exposed to neutral ads. Inconsistent with past research, no dispositional effects were noted that would suggest the influence of schematicity on mood and body image changes.

The impact of media exposure on males body image

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that the debate between quantitative and qualitative is divisive and, hence, counterproductive for advancing the social and behavioral science field. We advocate that all graduate students learn to utilize and to appreciate both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. As such, students will develop into pragmatist researchers who are able to utilize both quantitative and qualitative techniques when conducting research. We contend that the best way to accomplish this is by eliminating quantitative research methodology and qualitative research methodology courses from curricula and replacing these with research methodology courses at different levels that simultaneously teach both quantitative and qualitative techniques within a mixed methodological framework.

Taking the “Q” Out of Research: Teaching Research Methodology Courses Without the Divide Between Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigms

A Web-based interface has been developed to facilitate researchers in collecting language history information online. Most researchers use their own versions of language history questionnaires for specific studies in second language acquisition. Although these versions of questionnaires all differ from one another in some respects, there is a significant amount of overlap between them. Here we identify the crucial dimensions that most investigators consider important to include in such a questionnaire. We have examined the most commonly asked questions in 41 published questionnaires, and on the basis of our analyses we propose a general L2 language history questionnaire. Subjects can enter some or all of the information on the Web, and the results are automatically generated as an RTF output file on the user’s desktop.

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Language history questionnaire: A Web-based interface for bilingual research

This paper is an attempt to initiate a dialogue among the 'first generation' of those who teach mixed methods research courses in the social and behavioural sciences. It is argued that in the past three decades, research methodology, and the teaching of research, has faced strong pressures toward polarizing into a qualitative and quantitative dichotomy. Research courses are either qualitative or quantitative, and graduate students are often encouraged to choose a 'track' early on in their education. Following the structure of most introductory research methods textbooks, when both approaches (qualitative and quantitative) are taught in a research course, they are discussed separately, with little effort to link them together. On the other hand, strong pressures are currently being faced from applied researchers in the field to train 'research experts' who are able to incorporate both the qualitative and quantitative methods and approaches in their projects. It is argued that those who teach research metho...

Issues and dilemmas in teaching research methods courses in social and behavioural sciences: US perspective

Three sets of meta-analyses examined gender effects on children's language use. Each set of analyses considered an aspect of speech that is considered to be gender typed: talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Statistically significant average effect sizes were obtained with all three language constructs. On average, girls were slightly more talkative and used more affiliative speech than did boys, whereas boys used more assertive speech than did girls. However, the average effect sizes were either negligible (talkativeness, d=0.11; assertive speech, d=0.11) or small (affiliative speech, d=0.26). Larger effect sizes were indicated for some language constructs depending on either the operational definition of the language measure, the method of recording, the child's age level, the interaction partner (adult or peer), group size, gender composition, observational setting, or type of activity. The results are interpreted in relation to social-developmental and social-constructionist approaches to gender; these views are presented as complementary--rather than competing--meta-theoretical viewpoints.

A meta-analytic review of gender variations in children's language use: talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech.

"Research Design And Methods: A Process Approach, Seventh Edition", offers students an in-depth introduction to the process of research design and methods. It is distinguished by its application of the process approach, a proven strategy for guiding students at each step in designing, conducting, and evaluating psychological research.

Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A PROCESS APPROACH, Fifth Edition, offers students an in-depth introduction to the process of research design and methods. It is distinguished by its application of the process approach, a proven strategy for guiding students at each step in designing, conducting, and evaluating psychological research.

Research and design methods : a process approach

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach Methods: A Process Approach (3rd ed.)

This chapter explains the research design, methods, and theoretical background of constructs defined in the global project. These constructs include critical issues in the field and issue management, public relations leadership, and leader and leadership development. The chapter uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods to collect responses from targeted populations globally. The global project consists of three relevant phases: construct conceptualization, measurement development, and pilot tests; the administration of an online global survey; and the completion of in-depth interviews with selected communication leaders in researched countries and regions. Issues management (IM) refers to how and to what extent organizations may try to deal with and resolve issues they deem important. Based on a comprehensive literature review of relevant leadership theories, Meng proposed a theoretical model of leadership in public relations by identifying six key dimensions and a major environmental moderator of the leadership effectiveness in the context of communication practice.

Bruce B. Abbott

Papers

Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach

Research and design methods : a process approach

Instructor's Manual to Accompany Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach Methods: A Process Approach (3rd ed.)

Research design and methods

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