Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent health problems in our modern world, with millions of people debilitated by conditions such as back pain, headache and arthritis. To address this growing problem, many people are turning to mind-body therapies, including meditation, yoga and cognitive behavioural therapy. This article will review the neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain by cognitive and emotional states - important components of mind-body therapies. It will also examine the accumulating evidence that chronic pain itself alters brain circuitry, including that involved in endogenous pain control, suggesting that controlling pain becomes increasingly difficult as pain becomes chronic.

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Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain

The effect of pain on cognitive function: a review of clinical and preclinical research.

Sleep plays a vital role in brain function and systemic physiology across many body systems Problems with sleep are widely prevalent and include deficits in quantity and quality of sleep; sleep problems that impact the continuity of sleep are collectively referred to as sleep disruptions Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption, ranging from lifestyle and environmental factors to sleep disorders and other medical conditions Sleep disruptions have substantial adverse short- and long-term health consequences A literature search was conducted to provide a nonsystematic review of these health consequences (this review was designed to be nonsystematic to better focus on the topics of interest due to the myriad parameters affected by sleep) Sleep disruption is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic effects, changes in circadian rhythms, and proinflammatory responses In otherwise healthy adults, short-term consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity, somatic pain, reduced quality of life, emotional distress and mood disorders, and cognitive, memory, and performance deficits For adolescents, psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors are impacted by sleep disruption Behavioral problems and cognitive functioning are associated with sleep disruption in children Long-term consequences of sleep disruption in otherwise healthy individuals include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer All-cause mortality is also increased in men with sleep disturbances For those with underlying medical conditions, sleep disruption may diminish the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents and may worsen the severity of common gastrointestinal disorders As a result of the potential consequences of sleep disruption, health care professionals should be cognizant of how managing underlying medical conditions may help to optimize sleep continuity and consider prescribing interventions that minimize sleep disruption

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Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption.

Dyadic analysis of adolescent friendships behaviours during pain: Comparison of those with chronic pain versus those without chronic pain.

(540) iCanCope with Pain: User-centered design of an integrated smartphone and web-based pain self-management program for youth and young adults with chronic pain

Chronic low back pain: Review of treatment practices and standards.

Fitness of Patients in Pain to Make Optimal Decisions. Authors' reply

Objective: To review the literature about children’s and parent’s perceptions on surgical attire. Data source: A systematic search was conducted in the databases EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses Database. Data synthesis: A total of 2,567 papers were identified. After a two-phase selection, 15 studies were included in narrative synthesis. Children favored wearing white coats in five of the nine included studies (55.5% [95%CI 48.3-62.7]; p=1.00). With respect to parents’ preferences, results of vote counting showed that in 11 of 15 included studies, they favored physicians wearing white coats (73.3% [95%CI 67.9-78.6]; p=0.11). Conclusions: Children and parents have preferred physicians to wear a white coat with a very low certainty of evidence.

Bruce D. Dick

Papers

Dyadic analysis of adolescent friendships behaviours during pain: Comparison of those with chronic pain versus those without chronic pain.

(540) iCanCope with Pain: User-centered design of an integrated smartphone and web-based pain self-management program for youth and young adults with chronic pain

Chronic low back pain: Review of treatment practices and standards.

Fitness of Patients in Pain to Make Optimal Decisions. Authors' reply

Children's and parents' perceptions concerning surgical attire: a systematic review.