Sorbents for removal of mercury and other pollutants from gas streams, such as a flue gas stream from coal-fired utility plants, and methods for their manufacture and use are disclosed. Embodiments include brominated sorbent substrate particles having a carbon content of less than about 10%. Other embodiments include one or more oxidatively active halides of a nonoxidative metal dispersed on sorbent substrate particles mixed with activated carbon in an amount up to 30% by weight.

Pollutant Emission Control Sorbents and Methods of Manufacture and Use

The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) technology is one of the pillars of the modern petroleum industry which converts the crude oil fractions into many commodity fuels and platform chemicals, such as...

Fluid catalytic cracking technology: current status and recent discoveries on catalyst contamination

A cracking catalyst contains a substantially inert core and an active shell, the active shell containing a zeolite catalyst and a matrix. Methods of making and using the cracking catalyst are also described.

Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts

A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst made from microspheres that initially contain kaolin, a dispersible boehmite alumina and a sodium silicate or silica sol binder. The kaolin portion contains hydrous kaolin and a particular kaolin which has been calcined through its characteristic exotherm and which produces a catalyst having a novel morphology comprising a macroporous matrix and crystallized zeolite freely coating the walls of the pores of the matrix. Calcination of the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin and formation of in-situ zeolite by treatment with sodium silicate yields a catalyst containing Y-faujasite and transforms the dispersible boehmite into a transitional alumina. The catalyst can be used to crack resid or resid-containing feeds as the alumina phase formed from the dispersible boehmite passivates nickel and vanadium contaminants.

FCC catalysts for feeds containing nickel and vanadium

A robust, non-aqueous, and oil-soluble organic peroxide oxidant is employed for oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks including petroleum fuels. Even at low concentrations, the non-aqueous organic peroxide oxidant is extremely active and fast in oxidizing the sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the hydrocarbon feedstocks without catalyst. Consequently, the oxidation reactions that employ the non-aqueous organic peroxide oxidant take place at substantially lower temperatures and shorter residence times than reactions in other oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation processes. As a result, a higher percentage of the valuable non-sulfur and non-nitrogen containing components in the hydrocarbon feedstock are more likely preserved with the inventive process. Desulfurization and denitrogenation occur in a single phase non-aqueous environment so that no phase transfer of the oxidant is required.

Oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of petroleum oils

An in situ process for making improved zeolitic fluid cracking catalyst by spray drying a mixture of hydrous kaolin, gibbsite and spinel, essentially free from metakaolin, calcining the resulting microspheres to convert the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin whereby the gibbsite is hydrothermally converted to a transitional alumina, and reacting the microspheres composed of a mixture of spinel, transitional alumina and metakaolin with a seeded alkaline sodium silicate solution

Bruce Lerner

Papers

FCC catalysts for feeds containing nickel and vanadium

Modified microsphere FCC catalysts and manufacture thereof