Showing papers by "Bryan S. Turner published in 1978"

The Dominant Ideology Thesis

Abstract: Книга содержит критику распространенного в неомарксизме “тезиса о господствующей идеологии” (ТГИ), в котором преувеличивается роль идеологии господствующего класса в поддержании стабильности социального порядка. Как показывают авторы, ТГИ в различных его вариациях характерен не только для взглядов большинства неомарксистов (от Грамши до Альтюссера и Хабермаса), но и для академической социологии, особенно в структурно-функционалистском ее варианте (концепция “общей культуры”). Привлекая эмпирический материал, относящийся к обществам феодализма, раннего капитализма и позднего капитализма, авторы демонстрируют несостоятельность ТГИ. Аберкоромби, Тернер и Хилл призывают вернуться к аутентичным взглядам Маркса, Дюркгейма и Вебера на проблему социального порядка. Стабильность социального порядка, по их мнению, лучше объясняется не принятием большинством членов общества ценностей и верований господствующей идеологии, а такими факторами, как политическое и экономическое принуждение.

World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand against a Historical Background

Abstract: Tóm tắt: The Social Science Research Council of Great Britain generously financed ​ my fieldwork in Thailand in 1971 and the subsequent analysis of its results. ​ The harvest of information gathered was rich and constitutes the staple of ​ Part Two of this book; there is yet more data that will be reported in ​ another volume. My wife and I also thank the British Academy and the ​ Evans Memorial Fund of the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, ​ University of Cambridge, for providing supplementary grants. ​ There are numerous monks and novices in Bangkok and elsewhere in ​ Thailand who with patience and tolerance instructed me in many matters. ​ Without their cooperation and good will this study would not have been ​ possible. Of the many to whom I am indebted, let me mention only a few: ​ Phra Wisudhimoli, Phra Mahasaree, Phra Sukwatana Thirakhun, and the ​ abbots of Wat Thongnopakun and Wat Chakkravat. I am also greatly ​ indebted to certain officials in the Department of Religious Affairs. Others ​ who greatly assisted me in my work in Thailand were Dr. Lamaismas Saradatta, ​ Dr. Chancha Suvannathat, Tahwon Koedkietpong, Sulak Srivarak, ​ Sathienpong Wannapok, J. Klausner, Dr. Tej Bunnag, Dr. Jane Bunnag, ​ Stuart and Ann Campbell, various members of the staff of Bangkok Institute ​ for Child Study, the Siam Society Library, Mahachulalongkorn and ​ Mahamakut universities, and finally, but not the least, my two research ​ assistants, Amphorn and Kamol. I must emphasize strongly that I alone ​ am responsible for the use I have made of any information I may have ​ received and the interpretation given it. I must relieve those who have ​ helped me from the burden of controversial views of which I am the ​ author. ​ The analysis and the writing of this book have taken some four years. ​ I must thank the Department of Anthropology, University of Cambridge, ​ and the Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, for secretarial ​ assistance. F. K. Lehman's detailed, erudite, and supportive commentary ​ on an earlier draft of this book saved me from certain errors and enabled ​ me to enrich the analysis. Arnold Green's enthusiastic and constructive ​ comments gave me the final spurt of energy needed to complete the work. ​ Neither of these two persons is responsible for the book's blemishes. I ​ have benefited from my association with Frank Reynolds. Claire Friedland has generously given advice on how to present certain tabulations. ​ I thank my wife, Mary Wynne, for the various ways in which she has ​ helped and supported me, from research and editorial assistance to moral ​ support and encouragement. I feel I cannot leave out our son Jonathan, ​ whose happy arrival coincided with the last stages of this book. ​ Finally, a word on recent events in Thailand. The second part of the ​ book, including Chapter 19, was virtually completed in 1972, before the ​ occurrence of the student insurrection in October 1973, the deposition of ​ the three leading military figures at the apex of the regime, partly achieved ​ through the mediation of the king, who has a lively sense of the dangers of ​ open involvement, and the setting up of a civilian cum military caretaker ​ government charged with the responsibility of framing a new constitution ​ before holding free elections. Except for inserting a few sentences relating ​ to these momentous events, I have retained the analysis in much its ​ original form because I believe it was and is substantially correct and because ​ the analysis of the events of 1973 and later would comprise a new ​ and separate undertaking.

Marx and the end of Orientalism

Abstract: First published in 1978, this title analyses a range of problems that arise in the study of North Africa and the Middle East, bridging the gap between studies of Sociology, Islam, and Marxism. Both Sociology and the study of Islam draw on an Orientalist tradition founded on an idealist epistemology, ethnocentric values and an evolutionary view of historical development. Bryan Turner challenges the basic assumptions of Orientalism by considering such issues as the social structure of Islamic society, the impact of capitalism in the Middle East, the effect of Israel on territories, revolutions, social classes and nationalism. A detailed and fascinating study, Marx and the End of Orientalism will be of particular interest to students studying the sociology of colonialism and development, Marxist sociology and sociological theory.

Orientalism, Islam and Capitalism

Abstract: Le probleme specifique de la relation entre la culture isla mique et les activites capitalistes ne peut pas etre dissocie du debat general concernant les differences relatives entre les civilisations occidentales et les civilisations orientales. Tra ditionnellement, ce debat se situe a l'interieur d'un cadre defini par la problematique orientaliste, laquelle traite des societes islamiques comme de societes statiques et despotiques. Cette stagnation economique et sociale aurait ete causee par la presence de l'esclavage generalise, l'absence de propriete privee et la predominance des institutions de l'Etat. Dans l'orientalisme contemporain, on explique l'absence de change ment dans la societe islamique en faisant reference a l'Etat islamique patriarcal, au caractere particulier de la cite islami que, a l' absence dans les centres urbains d'une bourgeoisie in dependante, a l'insecurite legale et a l'organisation de la production soumise au systeme des guildes. Cette proble.. matique, qui occupe une place cen...