Micro and nano Bi2O3 filled epoxy composites: Thermal, mechanical and γ-ray attenuation properties.

Abstract Use of X-rays and γ-rays have become inevitable in medical sectors like radiology, interventional cardiology and diagnostic imaging, radiation physics laboratories, nuclear reactors and accelerator facilities. As radiation exposures above permitted levels pose potential risk to personnel working in close proximity to these facilities, protective measures aimed at reducing the exposure for safeguarding against harmful effects of ionizing radiations are essential. Traditionally, lead and lead based materials have been used as efficient radiation shielding materials owing to the high atomic number and high density of lead. Presently, use of lead is discouraged due to its heavy weight, toxicity and long-term effects on the environment. Consequently, the last two decades have seen research on light weight and cost-effective polymer composites with appropriate additives, having good workability, high specific strength, thermo-chemical stability and radiation shielding efficacy, gaining momentum. This article gives an overview of the state-of-the-art polymer composites reinforced with different fillers studied for their use as effective radiation shields. Here, we summarize the recent advancement and current trends in polymer composites-based radiation shields highlighting the different approaches adopted, choice of polymer/fillers, shielding effectiveness in terms of either linear and/or mass attenuation coefficients, for those who venture into radiation research and development.

X-Ray and γ-Ray Shielding Efficiency of Polymer Composites: Choice of Fillers, Effect of Loading and Filler Size, Photon Energy and Multifunctionality

Networks containing poly (O-toluidine) (POT) and LiCl (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% V/V) were synthesized in thin films formed using a chemical reaction method. Details analysis of the surface morphology for the prepared thin films was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with the Image J software. It is clearly observed that the percentage rate of LiCl is highly influence on the morphology of the POT surfaces. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns are utilized to confirm the corresponding chemical bonds and the crystalline structure of the fabricated networks, respectively. The energy gap of the POT thin films was calculated based on the UV–Vis measurements and the values exhibit a directly allowed transition. The room thermal optical coefficients of POT were evaluated through the thermal lens technique as a function of LiCl concentrations. The aforementioned findings suggest the high impacts of the fabricated networks in several applications related to optoelectronics and energy storage areas.

Synthesis, morphological and optical characterizations of the poly (O-toluidine)-LiCl networks thin film

Soda-lime glass was examined as a dosimeter for substantial gamma (y) radiation doses by estimating the changes affected as a result in the range of 320-800 nm in optical absorbance at room temperature. Observation concluded that absorbance expanded with the expanding gamma doses absorbed. Dynamics of morphology and the optical aspect of irradiation glasses were examined by utilizing absorption spectra and relaxation spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to record optical absorption spectra. According to the spectra of optical absorption, optical band gap, the cutoff wavelength, refractive record, and Urbach energy were resolved and identified with the auxiliary variations in the glass frameworks by various gamma dosages. In the blooming exploratory setup, a 532 nm CW laser was utilized as an excitation source. The experimental results showed that the thermal diffusivity value of Soda-lime glass increases when the gamma (γ) radiation doses increased.

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Gamma irradiation impact on the morphology and thermal blooming of soda-lime glass

Conventional radiation shielding materials used in medical institutions, such as lead, are gradually being replaced by other environment-friendly materials. However, owing to limitations in process...

Research on performance improvement measures for medical radiation shielding film through removal of air bubbles and pinholes

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared as a films with different volume ratios of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to test morphology and grain size of the specimen surfaces. The results revealed that the surface roughness of specimen decreased with increasing the ratio of TiO2 whereas the grain size was increased. The stress-strain curves for TiO2/PVA composite films with 0%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% TiO2 content are characterized. The mechanical performance of the TiO2/PVA composite films was clearly affected according to loaded TiO2 contrast to that of the pure film. Furthermore, the titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite samples examined as a shielding material of gamma ray. linear attenuation coefficient was measured by using the Cesium-137 (Cs-137) and gamma-ray photons 662 keV as a radioactive source. It was shown that the efficiency of shielding material increased with increasing the loaded amount of TiO2.

Preparation, morphological, and mechanical characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite for gamma-rays radiation shielding

       Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is prepared using the solution based method and used in gas sensor and solar cell applications. The structural characteristics of the CuPc thin films showed a single peak around 7o with the preferred orientation for charge transportation. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), morphological properties show a rough surface with some aggregates and ribbons. The optical absorption properties were determined using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy; the optical band gap has varied after adding MWCNTs to CuPc. Electrical conductivity of CuPc:MWCNTs composite is higher than that of the pure CuPc. The CuPc thin film sensr have shown good response properties to ammonia gas. The solar cell performance of the P3HT:PCBM based solar cell was enhanced.
 

Burak Yahya Kadem

Papers

Preparation, morphological, and mechanical characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite for gamma-rays radiation shielding

Copper Phthalocyanine MWCNTs Composites: Characterization and Evaluation for Sensor and Solar Cells interlayer

Silicon-based phthalocyanine: Characterization and evaluation for sensing and solar cell applications