Beneficial effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on antioxidant defense system and ultra structural changes of pancreatic β-cells in experimental diabetes in rats

The breeding of new, high-quality citrus cultivars depends on dependable information about the relationships of taxa within the tribe Citreae; therefore, it is important to have a well-supported phylogeny of the relationships between species not only to advance breeding strategies, but also to advance conservation strategies for the wild taxa. The recent history of the systematics of Citrus (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) and its allies, in the context of Rutaceae taxonomy as a whole, is reviewed. The most recent classifi cation is tested using nine cpDNA sequence regions in representatives of all genera of the subfam. Aurantioideae (save Limnocitrus ) and numerous species and hybrids referred to Citrus s.l. Aurantioideae are confi rmed as monophyletic. Within Aurantioideae, tribe Clauseneae are not monophyletic unless Murraya s.s. and Merrillia are removed to Aurantieae. Within tribe Aurantieae, the three traditionally recognized subtribes are not monophyletic. Triphasiinae is not monophyletic unless Oxanthera is returned to Citrus (Citrinae). Balsamocitrinae is polyphyletic. Feroniella , traditionally considered allied closely to Limonia (= Feronia ), is shown to be nested in Citrus. The proposed congenericity of Severinia and Atalantia is confi rmed. The most recent circumscription of Citrus is strongly supported by this analysis, with hybrids appearing with their putative maternal parents. The genus was resolved into two clades, one comprising wild species from New Guinea, Australia, and New Caledonia (formerly Clymenia , Eremocitrus , Microcitrus , Oxanthera ), but surprisingly also Citrus medica , traditionally believed to be native in India. The second clade is largely from the Asian mainland (including species formerly referred to Fortunella and Poncirus ).

https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.0800341

A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily(Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences

http://blogs.qu.edu.qa/200657487/files/2011/12/Studies-on-the-glycemic-and-lipidemic-effect-of-Murraya-koenigii.pdf

Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of Murraya koenigii in experimental animals

Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria.

Murraya koenigii leaves (Rutaceae) are used traditionally in Indian Ayurvedic system to treat diabetes. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii leaves) on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (45mg/kg). Mahanimbine (50 and 100mg/kg) were administrated as a single dose per week to the diabetic rats for 30 days. The control group received 0.3% w/v sodium carboxy methyl cellulose for the same duration. Fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profiles were measured in the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In addition, in vitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effects of mahanimbine were performed. Results: In the diabetic rats, the elevated fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein levels were reduced and high density lipoprotein level was increased by mahanimbine at a dose of 50 and 100mg/kg (i.p). In addition, mahanimbine showed appreciable alpha amylase inhibitory effect and weak alpha glucosidase inhibitory effects when compared with acarbose. Conclusions: The present study indicated that mahanimbine possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic effects. Thus results suggesting mahanimbine has beneficial effect in the management of diabetes associated with abnormal lipid profile and related cardiovascular complications. Keywords: Streptozotocin; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic; Mahanimbine

http://arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/article/viewFile/82/76

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid) from murraya koenigii (rutaceae) leaves

Sources of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene in the genus Murraya.

A Chemotaxonomic Study of Murraya (Rutaceae) in China

Chemotaxonomic Relationship Between Murraya and Merrillia (Rutaceae)

DNA technology based molecular profiling provides the ultimate and definitive means of authentication for Chinese drugs. RFLP, RP-PCR and microsatellite-SSR examine the whole genome. With the appropriate primer, it is in principle possible to differentiate closely related species and even one individual from another. PCR-SR, PCR-RFLP, AFLP, SCAR, DALP and DNA sequencing examine a defined region on the genome and produce well-defined conclusions. Since different regions on the genome evolve to different extents, by choosing the target DNA carefully, organisms of different systematic levels can be compared. Of these molecular techniques mentioned above, genomic fingerprints and DNA sequences are equally successful in identification of Chinese drugs. Although RFLP, RP-PCR methods do not require prior to genetic background of the genome and can detect DNA polymorphism, the reliability of these fingerprint results can be greatly influenced by experimental conditions. DNA sequencing method focuses on a defined locus on the genome and may provide a definitive means for authentication of Chinese drugs. We, therefore, conclude that it is essential to combine genomic fingerprinting with DNA sequencing analysis in order to increase the accuracy of quality control.

But Paul Pui-Hay

Papers

Sources of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene in the genus Murraya.

A Chemotaxonomic Study of Murraya (Rutaceae) in China

Chemotaxonomic Relationship Between Murraya and Merrillia (Rutaceae)

DNA Molecular profiling: a new approach to quality control of chinese drugs