Gebruikssporen-analyse van vuursteen is een vrij jonge tak van wetenschap, welke in Nederland tot voor kort niet werd beoefend. Het hier gepresenteerde onderzoek kan beschouwd worden als een aanzet ten einde in deze leemte te voorzien. Aangezien het tot op heden gepubliceerde gebruikssporenonderzoek een weinig systematisch beeld vertoont met betrekking tot gevolgde procedures en interpretaties van de resultaten, bevat de onderhavige studie een uitgebreide verhandeling aangaande methoden en technieken (hoofdstuk 2). Kort samengevat houdt gebruikssporen-analyse het volgende in. Ten gevolge van gebruik ontstaat slijtage op vuurstenen werktuigen. Deze slijtage kan vier vormen aannemen: gebruiksretouche. afronding van de werkrand, glans en krasjes. Binnen de gebruikssporen-analyse zijn twee onderzoeksrichtingen te onderscheiden: de macro-analyse die zich voornamelijk bezig houdt met gebruiksretouche, en de microanalyse die zich concentreert op het bestuderen van glans en krasjes. Bij deze laatste onderzoeksrichting spelen de factoren gebruiksretouche en afronding evenzeer een rol, zij het van ondergeschikte betekenis. Een macro-analyse levert een indicatie van de relatieve hardheid van het bewerkte materiaal, terwijl met de micro-analyse een nadere precisering van de aard daarvan mogelijk is. De huidige studie is gebaseerd op de micro-analytische benaderingswijze; de analyses werden verricht met behulp van een opvallend-licht microscoop (vergrotingen: 50-560x).

/pdf/the-wear-and-tear-of-flint-principles-of-functional-analysis-4hij8sz11d.pdf

The wear and tear of flint : principles of functional analysis applied to Dutch Neolithic assemblages

The inception of the Neolithic has always been one of the more vexed questions of British prehistory. As an issue, it has been obscured by a number of conceptual difficulties. Not least amongst these is that the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic coincides with the point at which two different and opposed approaches to prehistory and its teaching meet. The first of these, which dominates the study of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods, is concerned with human behaviour in terms of adaptive responses to environmental pressures. The latter, more common in the Neolithic and later periods, is more likely to consider human beings as purposive subjects, acting in pursuit of socially-defined goals. As a result, the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition represents not merely a change of lifestyle, but also a point at which our perception of the past changes. It is the boundary between two models of man.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/147D4574C4E25275EEC997E2D41B1858/S0079497X00005752a.pdf/div-class-title-neolithic-explanations-revisited-the-mesolithic-neolithic-transition-in-britain-and-south-scandinavia-div.pdf

Neolithic Explanations Revisited : The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Britain and South Scandinavia

In this contribution I address a series of recent publications which present revisionist accounts of the beginning of the Neolithic in the British Isles. New evidence suggests that we need to reconsider issues of population movement, diet, mobility and residence patterns. However, I conclude that a return to a model of colonisation by an agricultural population from the continent is premature, and seek to stress the distinct patterns of change that characterised Britain and Ireland respectively.

/pdf/current-debates-on-the-mesolithic-neolithic-transition-in-invof5wvfn.pdf

Current debates on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland

In a slightly different form this paper was given as the Europa Lecture for 1994The subject of this contribution is the origin of the diversity in the 19th century peasant landscape in the northern Netherlands. The first goal of the paper is to introduce a British audience to a line of research, which so far has been mainly reported on in Dutch and German. The second goal is to lay my finger on some basic properties of peasant landscapes elsewhere in the world. The third goal of my efforts in landscape archaeology is to identify ancient structures in today's landscape, which explain their identity, and to present this information to all those who are concerned with landscape conservation and landscape planning in the study area.

Patterns of the peasant landscape

Two stereotype views exist with respect to recent developments in Dutch archaeology. The first holds that the confrontation with New Archaeology in 1968/69 signalled the beginning of an entirely new period in Dutch archaeology. At that point, Dutch archaeologists were first involved in international theoretical discussions, which they have more or less followed ever since. This resulted in the emergence of counterparts in Dutch archaeology of New (or processual) Archaeology, and later of post-processual approaches.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1380203800000040

Recent developments in Dutch archaeology

Up t i l l 1982 thir ty two Linearbandkeramik sites have been discovered in the Netherlands and these are entirely restricted to the southeastern part of the country. The "sites" are defined by the occurrence of pottery. Many have been demonstrated to be real settlement sites with houses, and fu r the r investigation may well prove that this was also the case with the remainder. Isolated finds of f l int tools and adzes are not considered here. Leaving aside their in te rna l structure, these settlements can be studied on three levels. The first level involves analysis of the settlements as individual units. The second level examines the degree of association between settlements, and the third level involves comparison with neighbouring settlement systems.

/pdf/the-settlement-system-of-the-dutch-linearbandkeramik-26l9xchkon.pdf

C.C. Bakels

Papers

The settlement system of the Dutch Linearbandkeramik