This article discusses how fertility relates to social status with the use of a new dataset, several times larger than the ones used so far. The status-fertility relation is investigated over several centuries, across world regions and by the type of status-measure. The study reveals that as fertility declines, there is a general shift from a positive to a negative or neutral status-fertility relation. Those with high income/wealth or high occupation/social class switch from having relatively many to fewer or the same number of children as others. Education, however, depresses fertility for as long as this relation is observed (from early in the 20th century).

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Fertility trends by social status

When the famine in Shansi was over, and I began to consider the reasons of it, I felt I must study the causes of human suffering, not only in China but in all the world. In pondering Western civili...

The ecology of mating systems in hypergynous dowry societies

List of Figures and Tables ix Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1: The Missing Leg of the Globalization Triad: International Migration 1 Chapter 2: Analytical Framework and Research Methodology 23 Chapter 3: Selection Characteristics of Emigration from India 50 Chapter 4: Economic Effects 84 Chapter 5: Social Remittances: Migration and the Flow of Ideas 124 Chapter 6: International Migration and the Paradox of India's Democracy 162 Chapter 7: The Indian Diaspora and Indian Foreign Policy: Soft Power or Soft Underbelly? 185 Chapter 8: Civil or Uncivil Transnational Society? The Janus Face of Long-Distance Nationalism 210 Chapter 9: Spatially Unbound Nations 253 Appendix I: Survey of Emigration from India (SEI) 273 Appendix II: Survey of Asian Indians in the United States (SAIUS): Methodology 281 Appendix III: Survey of Asian Indians in the United States (SAIUS): Questionnaire 287 Appendix IV: Database on India's Elites (1950-2000) 293 Bibliography 297 Index 315

Diaspora, Development, and Democracy: The Domestic Impact of International Migration from India

Although the 1918 influenza epidemic was a major demographic event in the US and worldwide it has not been the major focus of studies by demographers. Some of its salient features include the enormity of the number of people who were affected; estimates indicate that one-quarter of the American population had clinically recognizable cases of flu during the epidemic. Also noteworthy is the fact that the 1918 influenza epidemic was associated with exceptionally high mortality both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study presents a relevant finding in the reexamination of published statistics on death: that the 1918 influenza had a strong and fairly long-lasting effect on differential mortality by sex diminishing the earlier female advantage. Specifically it is noted that the mechanism posited is a selection effect whereby those with tuberculosis (TB) in 1918 were more likely than others to die of influenza. This possible outcome affected males more than females because TB morbidity disproportionately affected males. However the reduction of the pool of male TB cases lowered the male TB death rate in the 2 years following 1918 thereby bringing males life expectancy closer to the longer female life expectancy.

The 1918 influenza epidemic's effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States.

This paper discusses emerging demographic patterns and its opportunities and challenges for India. It investigates the specificities in the demographic transition in terms of various demographic parameters and the lack of homogeneity in the transition across states in the country. It presents some opportunities that can arise from having demographic changes, particularly the demographic dividend and interstate migration to overcome labor shortage in some parts. At the same time, there are serious challenges in the form of enhancing human capital development, addressing the issue of skewed sex ratio, and the possible rise in social and political unrest and conflict.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/333/6042/576.full.pdf

C. F. Arden-Close

Papers

The population of India and Pakistan